BACKGROUND: Several molecular classification systems for bladder cancer have been proposed, but due to differences on how to define molecular subtypes, controversies and misunderstandings have arisen. OBJECTIVE: To discuss different aspects of the molecular classification of bladder cancer and to point to the consequences of using different conceptual approaches. To question some underlying assump

The European XFEL is a research facility that delivers extremely bright and short coherent X-ray pulses of tunable energy at MHz repetition rate, providing unprecedented capabilities to conduct scientific research across multiple domains. Among the suite of deployed detectors, several ePix100 modules, belonging to the family of ePix detectors developed at SLAC, are used. These charge-integrating h

Salts affect the solvation thermodynamics of molecules of all sizes; the Hofmeister series is a prime example in which different ions lead to salting-in or salting-out of aqueous proteins. Early work of Tanford led to the discovery that the solvation of molecular surface motifs is proportional to the solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and later studies have shown that the proportionality cons

Many species of insects undertake long-range, seasonally reversed migrations, displaying sophisticated orientation behaviors to optimize their migratory trajectories. However, when invasive insects arrive in new biogeographical regions, it is unclear if migrants retain (or how quickly they regain) ancestral migratory traits, such as seasonally preferred flight headings. Here we present behavioral

To celebrate its centenary year, Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB) commissioned a collection of articles examining the past, present and future of experimental biology. This Commentary closes the collection by considering the important research opportunities and challenges that await us in the future. We expect that researchers will harness the power of technological advances, such as '-omics'

The exchange-correlation potential formalism previously introduced and applied to the one-dimensional Hubbard model has been extended to spin systems and applied to the case of the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-12 Heisenberg model. Within the spin exchange-correlation potential formulation, a sum rule for spin systems is derived. The exchange-correlation potential for the Heisenberg model

IFN-γproducing invariant NKT (iNKT)1 cells are lipid-reactive innate-like lymphocytes that are resident in the thymus and peripheral tissues where they protect against pathogenic infection. The thymic functions of iNKT1 cells are not fully elucidated, but subsets of thymic iNKT cells modulate CD8 T cell, dendritic cell, B cell, and thymic epithelial cell numbers or function. In this study, we show

European Union (EU) diplomatic representation in third countries is performed by both the Member States and by the EU Delegation—a hybrid system of representation that functions through EU coordination. As social media have become essential channels of state representation, coordination also occurs in digital diplomacy. This article analyses how the EU Member State embassies and the EU Delegation

Excited state dynamics of three iron(II) carbene complexes that serve as prototype Earth-abundant photosensitizers were investigated by ultrafast optical spectroscopy. Significant differences in the dynamics between the investigated complexes down to femtosecond time scales are used to characterize fundamental differences in the depopulation of triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) excit

PURPOSE: The phase III, open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized Ewing 2008R1 trial (EudraCT2008-003658-13) was conducted in 12 countries to evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) maintenance therapy compared with no add-on regarding event-free survival (EFS, primary endpoint) and overall survival (OS) in standard-risk Ewing sarcoma (EWS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had

Abstract: Nearly all major corporations and many public agencies have established ‘Ethics and Compliance’ departments, some of them as the result of penalties imposed by the US Department of Justice, others due to embarrassing scandals. The responsibilities of these departments include inculcating codes of ethical conduct, preventing risk of bribery or corruption, dealing with litigation for haras

Introduction Individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, individual CBT is costly and time-consuming, requiring weekly therapy sessions for 3-4 months. A 4-day intensive version of CBT for OCD delivered in group format has been recently developed in Norway (Bergen 4-day treatment, B

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if treatment with transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) during the learning curve is as efficient and safe in the short term as transvesical open prostate enucleation (OPE), in patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) > 80 ml in a population in Sweden. Methods: 54 patients with ultrasound verified BPO > 80 ml and indication for surgery underwent TUEP or

Objective: Drug use disorder (DUD) is aworldwide problem, and strategies to reduce its incidence are central to decreasing its burden. This investigation seeks to provide aproof of concept for the ability of agent-based modeling to predict the impact of the introduction of an effective school-based intervention, the Good Behavior Game (GBG), on reducing DUD in Scania, Sweden, primarilythrough incr

Introduction: Quantifying inert gas wash-out is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of decompression sickness. In this study, we developed a portable closed-circuit device for measuring inert gas wash-out and validated its precision and accuracy both with and without human subjects. Methods: We developed an exhalate monitor with sensors for volume, temperature, water vapor and oxygen. Ine

A computational method is proposed to calculate bound and resonant states by solving the Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations for real and complex energies, respectively. The method is an extension of a non-relativistic one, where the potential is represented in a Coulomb–Sturmian basis. This basis facilitates the exact analytic evaluation of the Coulomb Green’s operator in terms of a continued fracti

We present a case of a woman in her 30s with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, treated with natalizumab, who developed ophthalmic varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, with subsequent vasculopathy causing cerebral ischaemic lesions. She was treated with acyclovir, prednisolone and acetylsalicylic acid and fully recovered. VZV vasculopathy is associated with stroke and immunomodulating trea