The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), an instrument comprising five dimensions devised by Russell and co-workers to measure gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) or brain damage, enables changes in performance status to be evaluated after therapy or when monitored over time. We analysed its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability on the three most difficult dimensions. A vid

Reconstruction of the septohippocampal pathways by axons extending from embryonic cholinergic neuroblasts grafted into the neuron-depleted septum has been explored in the neonatal rat by using a novel lesioning and grafting protocol. Neonatal ablation of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons, accompanied by extensive bilateral cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus and neocortex,

A prospective randomised study was made of 20 patients who underwent acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome. Ten were operated on by Neer's technique and 10 with a modification where the deltoid origin was spared. Rehabilitation was more rapid with a better range of movement in the latter group. Acromioplasty with this modification offers benefits compared with the standard procedure.

Nine children with congenital bladder exstrophy treated without pelvic osteotomy were analyzed clinically and radiologically at a mean age of 13 years (range 9-16 years). The acetabular and femoral version angles were measured by computed tomography (CT) imaging. Two of the children had a slight waddling gait, but none of them had any pain and they could participate in sports without problems. The

The risk of contralateral slipping in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has been estimated to be 40-80% in follow-up examinations. Before age 50 years. 25% of the contralateral hips with untreated slipping showed arthrosis, some severe. In the same long-term follow-up, no hip with mild or moderate slipping treated with pinning in situ had developed severe arthrosis at that age, indicating t

Growth in 110 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease (LCPD) was longitudinally followed throughout the growth period. The infancy childhood puberty (ICP) growth model, which has the advantage that reference values can be adjusted for the individual age at pubertal maturation, was used. On the average, the children were slightly shorter at birth and they remained short throughout the entire grow

Selective removal of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons by the immunotoxin 192 immunoglobulin G-saporin has offered a new powerful tool for the study of the relationships between cholinergic dysfunction and cognitive impairments. In the present study the morphological and functional consequences of selective lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system during early postnatal development

Selective depletion of nerve growth factor receptor-bearing neurons in the basal forebrain cholinergic system nuclei by the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin offers a new and highly useful tool for the study of the role of the forebrain cholinergic system in cognitive functions. In the present study, we have tested the effects of 192 IpG-saporin in an operant delayed matching-to-position task which has

The Ilizarov technique was used in five knees for the correction of a flexion contracture that had not responded to nonoperative treatment. Preoperative contractures of 25–75° were reduced to 0–15°. Three months after frame removal the knees had almost the same range of extension as immediately after frame removal, and all except one patient with severe arthritis had the same range of flexion as b

The differentiation between scar tissue and disk herniation is essential in postdiskectomy problems of the lumbar spine, since reoperation on scar tissue alone is often unfavourable. Epidural scar is a vascularized tissue, and enhancement can be seen after intravenous contrast injection, allowing differentiation from avascular disk material. Ten patients who had previously undergone surgery for lu

The elucidation of the functional role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system will require access to a highly specific and efficient cholinergic neurotoxin. Recently, selective depletion of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-bearing cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain and a dramatic loss of cholinergic innervation in the related cortical regions have been obtained following intra

The height development during childhood and puberty was analyzed in 54 girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the use of the Infancy Childhood Puberty growth model, which is based on healthy Swedish children. This model adjusts adolescent reference values for height for individual age at pubertal maturation. The scoliotic girls had an above-average height 2 years before the onset of the pub