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Microstructural and properties evolution of austenitic heat resistant steel after addition of aluminium

Effect of aluminium on microstructure and properties of austenitic heat resistant steel was investigated. The results showed that Al addition led to formation of spheroidal and dispersed Ni3Al. After solution treatment, Ni3Al particles experienced a significant refinement from 1.5 μm to nanoscale (∼80 nm). Matrix transformed from austenite to ferrite when addition of Al was >4.72%. Oxidation resis

Effects of nickel on low-temperature impact toughness and corrosion resistance of high-ductility ductile iron

High-ductility ductile iron was alloyed with 0-1.8wt% Ni in this paper. The low-temperature impact toughness test and corrosion test of simulated seawater static whole-soaking were conducted to research the effect of nickel on the low-temperature impact toughness and corrosion resistance of high-ductility ductile iron. The results show that with nickel increasing, the impact toughness under low te

Effect of tungsten on microstructure and properties of high chromium cast iron

In this study, effect of tungsten on microstructure and properties of high chromium cast iron was investigated. The experimental results indicated that tungsten distributed uniformly in the matrix and carbides. W carbides are composed of WC1-x, W6C2.54 and CW3 and W2C. With the increase of tungsten content, bulk hardness and matrix microhardness both increased gradually and reached the peak at 62.

Challenges and solutions for antennas in Vehicle-to-Everything services

Autonomous vehicle is being developed for widespread deployment. Its reliability and safety are critically dependent on advanced wireless technologies, e.g., vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The frontend of a V2X system needs an antenna module that enables the vehicle to reliably connect to all other networks. Designing V2X antenna is challenging due to the complex in-vehicle environment

Experimental Governance and Urban Planning Futures : Five Strategic Functions for Municipalities in Local Innovation

Experimental governance is increasingly being implemented in cities around the world through laboratories, testbeds, plat- forms, and innovation districts to address a wide range of complex sustainability challenges. Experiments often involve public-private partnerships and triple helix collaborations with the municipality as a key stakeholder. This stretches the responsibilities of local authorit

Street Tree Density and Distribution : An International Analysis of Five Capital Cities

Municipal leaders around the world are demonstrating significant interest in urban greening to realize a range of socioecological benefits. The urban greening toolkit often includes street trees, an essential component of urban design informed by historic legacies of both human and environmental factors. To date, there has been little comparative analysis of street tree density and distribution ac

Urban Techno-Politics : Knowing, Governing, and Imagining the City

Techno-politics is alive and well in cities of the twenty-first century, most prominently with the rise of smart cities and the digitalization of urban life but also in the myriad debates about climate and environment, social cohesion and democracy, and economic prosperity and well-being. This commentary uses the special issue on ‘Urban Techno- Politics’ as inspiration to reflect on three emerging

Social-Ecological System Transformation and Learning: the case of Santa Rosa de Lima’s dairy system, Brazil

Conventional pastureland management has brought Southern Brazilian dairy farms to a financial and environmental crisis. In this context, the management-intensive grazing system (MIG) emerges as a viable alternative to conventional pastureland management. This study aims to analyze the Social-Ecological System (SES) transformation process of the dairy system in Santa Rosa de Lima, Southern Brazil,

Urban Planning and the Smart City : Projects, Practices and Politics

Today’s smart city agendas are the latest iteration of urban sociotechnical innovation. Their aim is to use information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the economic and environmental performance of cities while hopefully providing a better quality of life for residents. Urban planners have a long-standing tradition of aligning technological in- novation with the built environment a

CFD modeling of biomass combustion and gasification in fluidized bed reactors using a distribution kernel method

A three-dimensional reactive multi-phase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) model is employed to investigate biomass combustion and gasification in fluidized bed furnaces. The MP-PIC model considered here is based on a coarse grain method (CGM) which clusters fuel and sand particles into parcels. CGM is computationally efficient, however, it can cause numerical instability if the clustered parcels are pass

Deep learning takes the pain out of back breaking work - Automatic vertebral segmentation and attenuation measurement for osteoporosis

Background: Osteoporosis is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the use of simple vertebral trabecular attenuation values for opportunistic osteoporosis screening. Meanwhile, machine learning has been used to accurately segment large parts of the human skeleton. Purpose: To evaluate a fully automated deep learning-based method for lumbar vertebral

Severity factor kinetic model as a strategic parameter of hydrothermal processing (steam explosion and liquid hot water) for biomass fractionation under biorefinery concept

Hydrothermal processes are an attractive clean technology and cost-effective engineering platform for biorefineries based in the conversion of biomass to biofuels and high-value bioproducts under the basis of sustainability and circular bioeconomy. The deep and detailed knowledge of the structural changes by the severity of biomasses hydrothermal fractionation is scientifically and technological n

Deep learning from MRI-derived labels enables automatic brain tissue classification on human brain CT

Automatic methods for feature extraction, volumetry, and morphometric analysis in clinical neuroscience typically operate on images obtained with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging equipment. Although CT scans are less expensive to acquire and more widely available than MR scans, their application is currently limited to the visual assessment of brain integrity and the exclusion of co-pathologies. CT

Water uptake as a crucial factor on the properties of cryogels of gelatine cross-linked by dextran dialdehyde

We investigated the water sorption properties of macroporous cryogels of gelatine (Gel) and dextran dialdehyde (DDA) prepared via cryogelation at 260 K and following the freeze drying processes. Water vapour sorption isotherms for aerogels were studied at 293 K by two inde-pendent methods: static-gravimetric and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) over a water activity range of 0.11–1.0. Experimental da

Heat transfer in the trailing region of gas turbines – A state-of-the-art review

Highly efficient gas turbines are beneficial for improving the energy structure, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and protecting the Earth's environment. A highly efficient gas turbine means a higher inlet temperature and requires a more efficient cooling structure. Due to the limitations of aerodynamics, structure and strength, cracks, fractures and ablation easily form at the trailing edge of g

Dietary Fiber and the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche in a Model of Pelvic Radiotherapy

We sought to determine whether radiation to the colorectum had an impact on parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis and, if so, whether it could be modulated by a fiber-rich diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing bioprocessed oat bran or a fiber-free diet, starting two weeks before colorectal irradiation with 4 fractions of 8 Gray or sham-irradiation. Diets were then continued for 1, 6

Pain management with methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) in Swedish ambulance care – An observational pilot study

Background: In ambulance care, patients are often classified as high-risk, particularly when they are in immediate need of pain relief. It has been shown that, after ambulance nurses administer intravenous analgesic drugs, patients delivered to the emergency department tend to complain of moderate to severe pain. Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the overall patient-perceive

High-resolution 2D 1H- 15N NMR characterization of persistent structural alterations of proteins induced by interactions with silica nanoparticles

The binding of protein to solid surfaces often induces changes in the structure, and to investigate these matters we have selected two different protein−nanoparticle systems. The first system concerns the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase II which binds essentially irreversibly to the nanoparticles, and the second system concerns human carbonic anhydrase I which alternate between the adsorbed and fr