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Recently, research on the edge states of 2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) has been attracting much attention. The lower-energy edge state (LES) is believed to provide an efficient pathway for the dissociation of photoexcited excitons. However, the mechanism of the LES formation remains controversial, and studies that establish precisely the local electronic properties are lacking. Herein, the fir
The surface chemistry of the initial growth during the first or first few precursor cycles in atomic layer deposition is decisive for how the growth proceeds later on and thus for the quality of the thin films grown. Yet, although general schemes of the surface chemistry of atomic layer deposition have been developed for many processes and precursors, in many cases, knowledge of this surface chemi
Due to the substantial gross exchange fluxes with the atmosphere, the terrestrial carbon cycle plays a significant role in the global carbon budget. Drought commonly affects terrestrial carbon absorption negatively. Terrestrial biosphere models exhibit significant uncertainties in capturing the carbon flux response to drought, which have an impact on estimates of the global carbon budget. Through
Agricultural soils are the most important anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This occurs via two main pathways: (1) from microbial-mediated oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate; and (2) denitrification. Most agro-ecological models explicitly deal with these two pathways albeit with different degrees of process understanding and empiricism. Models that integrate the impa
Mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been extensively defined both molecularly and functionally at steady state, while regenerative stress induces immunophenotypical changes that limit high purity isolation and analysis. It is therefore important to identify markers that specifically label activated HSCs to gain further knowledge about their molecular and functional properties. Here, we asse
Atmospheric inversions provide estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between the surface and atmosphere based on atmospheric CO2 concentration observations. The number of CO2 observations is projected to increase severalfold in the next decades from expanding in situ networks and next-generation CO2-observing satellites, providing both an opportunity and a challenge for inversions. This study i
One of the biggest challenges in urban densifications is securing adequate daylight access. This study examines the potential of using semantic 3D city models as input to daylight simulations. It is focusing on investigating input data requirements to these simulations from a geodata, 3D city model specification and measuring guideline perspective. To achieve this, geodata simulation input require
Background: Primary graft failure (PGF) remains the most common cause of short-term mortality after heart transplantation. The main objective was to develop and validate a risk model for prediction of short-term mortality due to PGF after heart transplantation using the ISHLT Heart Transplant Registry. Methods: We developed a non-linear artificial neural networks (ANN) model to evaluate the associ
BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have shown promising results using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve mammography screening accuracy and reduce screen-reading workload; however, to our knowledge, a randomised trial has not yet been conducted. We aimed to assess the clinical safety of an AI-supported screen-reading protocol compared with standard screen reading by radiologists following mamm
Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) driven by the KMT2A::AFF1 onco-fusion is an aggressive, poor prognosis disease with few co-operative mutations. The fusion originates in utero, yet the embryonic initiating steps of disease development remain poorly understood. Here, we present a novel murine KMT2A::AFF1 model, that provides key insights into KMT2A::AFF1 pre-leukemia, relevant to human dis
Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial step in ensuring robustness and trustworthiness for deep learning (DL) models. This is particularly important for classification tasks in medical applications. Previous work has shown that point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imaging combined with a DL classification network could improve access to early breast cancer diagnosis. In this work, we investi
Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), with progressively altered right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and function. Kinetic energy (KE) from 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a measure of intracardiac hemodynamics. In this observational case–control study, we investigate physiological mechanisms inf
Nanowires have an ideal shape for high-resolution imaging, with a small cross-section for high resolution and a long length for strong absorption. However, since the absorption in nanowires is dominated by nanophotonic effects, it is unclear what resolution and efficiency such devices could offer. Here, we investigate the limits of spatial resolution and efficiency of nanowire-based direct detecto
Occurring in 2015/16, the strong El Niño has been shown to significantly influence the pantropical carbon fluxes with multiple lines of evidence. However, a comprehensive understanding on the regional and vegetation-specific net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in response to this El Niño event and its recovery trajectories remain unclear. We revisited the controlling factors in the recovery of pantro
The structure and dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are malleable to solution conditions. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the effects of molecular crowding on these properties. Polymer-based crowders, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Ficoll®, are commonly used to simulate the intracellular environment by replicating the high concentration of macromolec
Phage collections are essential tools for discovering and dissecting bacterial anti-phage defense systems. Here, we report the isolation, characterization, and annotated genome sequences of five environmental Escherichia coli-infecting phages, obtained during the 2023 Fundamentals of Basic and Applied Phage Biology course at Lund University. The phages were isolated using a motile E. coli K-12 B
Dryland ecosystems are globally important, yet state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation models often lack specific processes or parameterizations that are critical for accurately simulating dryland dynamics. These missing processes include a realistic calculation of soil water movement, detailed plant–water relations, or a representation of deep water uptake. In this study, we show how including a proc
