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Aims/hypothesis The mechanisms by which glucose regulates glucagon release are poorly understood. The present study aimed to clarify the direct effects of glucose on the glucagon-releasing alpha cells and those effects mediated by paracrine islet factors. Materials and methods Glucagon, insulin and somatostatin release were measured from incubated mouse pancreatic islets and the cytoplasmic Ca2+ c
Microdialysis was used to study how ischemia-evoked gastric mucosal injury affects rat stomach histamine, which resides in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and mast cells. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the gastric submucosa, and the celiac artery was clamped (30 min), followed by removal of the clamp. Microdialysate histamine was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addit
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) represents a heterogeneous soft tissue sarcoma entity. The authors compared different methods to determine immunohistochemical staining in whole tissue sections, evaluated the tissue microarray technique, and assessed immunohistochemical heterogeneity using the proliferation marker Ki-67 in 47 histopathologic tumor blocks from 11 MFHs. Whole tissue sections wer
Rotational Raman linewidths calculated from three different models have been used in temperature measurements by rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)—a semiclassical ab initio model, the modified exponential energy gap model (MEG), and the energy corrected sudden scaling law (ECS). Experimental rotational CARS spectra were generated, using the dual-broadband approach, in pure ni
The fermentability and pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed in the hindgut of rats given various combinations of dietary fibers (DF) and resistant starch (RS) were investigated. Highly fermentable indigestible carbohydrates, i.e., guar gum (GG), pectin (Pec) and high amylose cornstarch (HAS), and a DF with a relatively high resistance to fermentation, i.e., wheat bran (WB), were includ
Background and aims: Islet function is regulated by islet autonomic nerves. These nerves harbour not only the classical neurotransmitters, acetyl choline and noradrenaline, but also neuropeptides. This study examined whether the neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gastrin releasing polypeptide (GRP) contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion in mode
The N-terminal portion of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 was arbitrarily divided into region 1 (amino acids 1-300), which contains a large hydrophobic domain with six predicted transmembrane helices, and region 2 (amino acids 301-500), with a smaller hydrophobic domain ( approximately 50 residues). To analyze these regions, full-length human (H)PDE3A and mouse (M)PDE3B and a series of N-terminal trunca
We present an implementation of the Linked Dipole Chain model for deeply inelastic ep scattering into the framework of the ARIADNE event generator. Using this implementation we obtain results both for the inclusive structure function as well as for exclusive properties of the hadronic final state.
We present a general theory for the full counting statistics of multiple Andreev reflections in incoherent superconducting-normal-superconducting contacts. The theory, based on a stochastic path integral approach, is applied to a superconductor-double-barrier system. It is found that all cumulants of the current show a pronounced subharmonic gap structure at voltages V=2Δ/en. For low voltages V≪Δ/
Patients with subcutaneously placed silicone gel prostheses, for reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomies, often complain of cold breasts as well as of slow regaining of warmth after cooling. We have used thermography in 7 such women and in 7 healthy women of the same age group as controls. Thermography has also been used in 3 women after repositioning of the subcutaneously placed prostheses
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a dominant cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Experimentally, a condition similar to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome can be induced by the intraperitoneal injection of sterile zymosan. In the present study we investigate potential alterations in multiple organ functions, endothelial permeability, and antiproteinases after intraperitoneal i
WE-14, a post-translational product of the neuroendocrine protein chromogranin A (CgA), is generated in distinct subpopulations of endocrine cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the generation of WE-14 in the endocrine cell types of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, after treatment with reserpine, an irreversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine uptake 2 (VMAT2). Reserpine (10 mg
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and defense mechanisms between differently creative people. Two extreme groups that scored either very high or very low on a test of the creative function were selected from a larger cohort (N = 60). Each group consisted of 12 male undergraduate students, who took a test of defense mechanisms and completed anxiety inventories. The
This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives, research activities under-taken, and a selection of results generated in the European Commission-funded project entitled "Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes" (MICE) - a pan-European end-to-end assessment, from climate model to impact model, of the potential impacts of climate change on a range of economic sectors important to the regio
Giant-cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a locally aggressive neoplasm of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Cytogenetically, no consistent chromosomal alterations, apart from telomeric associations involving various chromosome ends, have been described. Recently, however, it was reported that by using highly sensitive nested RT-PCR, a high proportion of GCT displays chimeric EWS/FLI1 fusion transcripts,
A new method to determine quasi diabatic (QD) CASSCF states is presented. The adiabatic states are subjected to a unitary transformation resulting from diagonalization of a state-selection operator. The latter is constructed from the overlap of the adiabatic states with a suitable set of reference states. The multi-state (MS) CASPT2 method is used to account for the dynamical correlation effects i
The volume and structural changes upon replacement of oppositely charged network counterions for oppositely charged macroions in cross-linked polyelectrolyte gels have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained model. Initially, the gel deswells, but after an approximately equivalent amount of macroions, the gel starts to swell again. The deswelling effect is greatest for
It seems that at conception something is formed which, due to its genetic make-up, has the potentiality to develop into a full-blown human being. Many believe that in virtue of this potentiality, this organism, the human zygote or early embryo, has an intrinsic value which makes it wrong to use or produce it merely as a means to some end, e.g., some scientific end such as to produce embryonic stem
