The thesis discusses the issue of shared responsibility in international law. In particular, how States may be held accountable for the commission of torture in the context of armed conflicts. Part I discusses the definition of torture under IHRL and IHL, the obligations of States deriving from international treaties. Part II discusses the question of shared responsibility and loopholes in the cu

Open source software is becoming more common in software development today and constitutes an increasing share in modern web applications. Open source has many benefits; it is cost-effective and increases development speed, quality, and security. With the advent of open source, companies and organizations have taken many different initiatives to minimize the risks of open source, disseminate knowl

Mitt examensarbete är en undersökning på hur ett nutida generationsboende kan utformas samt vilka sociala utbyten det kan bidra till. Syftet är att gestalta ett fritidshus i form av ett generationsboende ur ett socialt och hållbart perspektiv. Huset är beläget på en befintlig gård ute på Värmlandsnäs och ska ge utrymme för fyra familjer. För att skapa en större förståelse kring generationsboende

Ett skräddarsytt immunförsvar Våra kroppar är ständigt utsatta för patogena mikrober och virus men våra immunceller håller oss allt som oftast friska. Några av immunförsvarets viktigaste celltyper är de så kallade specifika immuncellerna: ”T” och ”B” celler. I detta mastersarbete har jag studerat hur antikroppssvaret som B celler producerar förändras över tid och i samspel med de follikulära T hjHigh affinity antibodies of appropriate isotype are crucial for protection against pathogens and are generated within secondary lymphoid organs in structures called germinal centers (GC). Apart from affinity maturation, germinal centers also give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells, but how these fate decisions are regulated and what signals may be delivered by TFH cells is still unclear. Usin

The UK has recently increased its 80% GHG emissions reduction target to net-zero by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. To achieve this goal, the UK emphasizes deploying the technology Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). However, despite multiple challenges, BECCS is still prevalent in the UK. This paper aims to identify why this is so by investigating how BECCS is communicated, by whom, and t

Syftet med studien är att undersöka musiklärarnas sätt att beskriva och arbeta med inkludering i kombination med att möta enskilda elevers förutsättningar och samtidigt hålla ihop gruppen. Vidare ämnar studien undersöka vilka inkluderande arbetssätt musiklärarna använder och hur dessa arbetssätt påverkar undervisningens utformning och innehåll samt musiksalens fysiska miljö. Studiens datainsamlingThe purpose of this study is to examine the music teachers’ definitions of inclusive education. A further aim is to examine how these teachers are working to create an inclusive environment for their students and meeting their individual needs while simultaneously holding together the group. Furthermore, this study intends to examine which inclusive teaching methods the music teachers use and how

The goal of this project was to find a way to handle fear and stress through design, mainly aviophobia which is fear of flying. Research was focused on the psycology and physiology of our body when we experience stress as well as how vestibular stimulation could have a calming effect on a person exposed to it. In the design process the hypothesis that movement calms was confirmed by different studie

The COVID-19 crisis has forced many teams to work from home unprepared. This sudden shift proposes various adverse effects on employees' health since stress levels seem to increase in work and private settings. Previous research has identified healthy leadership as a valuable resource for improving the health of employees. This study examined how leaders promote health virtually in their team

In this thesis, we examine the Arnoldi iteration - an iterative algorithm used for finding a Hessenberg form of a matrix as well as approximating its eigenvalues by forming an orthonormal basis of a Krylov subspace. We explore the mechanism behind the work of the algorithm and how the values it finds approximate the eigenvalues. In the process of answering these questions we consider the concepts

The World Health Organization classified Covid-19 as a pandemic in March 2020 which led many countries to recommend social distancing, restrict the freedom of movement and to close everything except necessary services. Covid-19 related research focuses primarily on closures and interruption of cultural services and/or their digitalization. Sweden’s Covid-19 strategy has been different from other c

En metod för att studera cellers vandringsbeteenden genom automatiserad mikroskopi Vår kropp byggs upp av flera olika celler som fyller specifika funktioner. Många celler måste kunna förflytta sig för att utföra sina funktioner. Våra organ formas under fostrets utveckling genom att celler förflyttar sig och immunförsvarets celler vandrar genom kroppen för att jaga och bekämpa smittämnen. Cellers Automated fluorescence microscopy is an emerging technique that enables researchers to generate large amounts of data which in turn allows for large scale quantitative studies. In previous small scale quantitative studies, migration modes found by qualitatively observing migrating lung cancer cells have been described. Since such a method starts from qualitative observations it might not generaliz

Digital tools and support are used today to facilitate and streamline operations in healthcare. In this thesis a qualitative study is conducted which addresses regional digitalization managers attitudes towards digital dictation and speech recognition in healthcare. The study aims to explore attitudes that affect implementation of digital dictation and speech recognition in healthcare. The empiric

Anthropogenic pressure on coastal areas continues to increase, thus intensifying coastal erosion. Coastal monitoring programs are therefore essential to prevent severe ecosystem and economic consequences. Successful coastal monitoring schemes require highly accurate analysis-ready Digital surface models (DSMs) derived using the same workflow. Using a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – Structure from motion

En av konsekvenserna av klimatförändringen är en ökning av extrema regn. Kraftigt regn har blivit vanligare de senaste åren, troligen kommer nederbörden fortsätta att öka under kommande åren, säger forskarna. Den 10 augusti 2020, föll ett kraftigt regn i Ljungby stad som orsakade många översvämningar i privata och publika områden. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att stötta de som jobbar med koOne of the realized consequences of climate change is a shift in precipitation patterns and an increase in extreme rainfall events. In addition, the growing urbanization trend associated with population and wealth growth has led to an increase in impervious surfaces while reducing groundwater recharge. In Sweden, it is expected that by the end of this century, annual precipitation will continue to

Akustisk blodplasmaseparation med peristaltiska pumpar I Sverige föds varje år cirka 350 extremt prematura barn, vilket innebär att de är födda före 28 graviditetsveckor. För sjukvården så utgör dessa barn en mycket känslig patientgrupp som ofta kräver flera veckors intensivvård på en specialiserad neonatalavdelning. En stor del av barnen drabbas av svåra sjukdomar som påverkar deras utveckling oEarly erythrocyte transfusion is common in infants born extremely premature. Research has shown that these children are at greater risk of morbidity later in life, and that iatrogenic blood loss from blood sample analysis is one of the contributing factors to the need for transfusions. Acoustophoresis-based plasmapheresis could potentially be used to reduce the loss of endogenous blood components

Digital tools in (zoo)archaeology have great potential for education, mediation, and research. Microphotogrammetric 3D-modeling offers new non-intrusive analytical approaches to old problems and questions. This thesis aimed to perform morphological differentiation between cut marks made from lithic and metal tool using qualitative and statistical quantitative approaches (Principal Component Analys

What indicates that the Scandinavian bog bodies were places in bogs as a result of a ritual act? This paper will try to look into this by studying different cases of bog bodies from the Early Iron Age. To answer this question, I will examine the various theories researchers provide regarding bog bodies and why they were deposited. In a time period and region which is mainly dominated by cremation,

The territory of Western Sahara (WS) has been occupied by Morocco since 1975, displacing many of the indigenous people now living in refugee camps in Algeria. In 2019, the EU adopted a new Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement (SFPA) with Morocco which includes WS waters. This in spite of two court rulings stating that trade agreements including WS resources are not legal without the cons

Climate change and the sustainability challenges of the 21st century require the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors. Accordingly, political objectives urge for a shift from road to rail in logistics. This drives innovation, increased efficiency, and customer friendliness in the rail industry. These advancements are strongly needed as investments have been neglected in the past an

High costs, time delays, inefficiency and complicated border procedures when engaging in cross-border trade hinders competitiveness and economic development in many developing countries, such as Uganda. To try to reduce these obstacles and challenges, Uganda has implemented One-stop border posts, intending to make international trade cheaper, quicker, and simpler. This paper investigates the effic