T-celler – kroppens eget försvar för att besegra barncancer I Sverige drabbas runt 350 barn av cancer varje år. En variant av barncancer där tumörerna ofta uppstår på binjurarna och påverkar nervsystemet är neuroblastom (NBL). I det här projektet har vi studerat hur immunförsvaret och då mer specifikt hur mördar-T-cellerna kan användas för att bekämpa cancern. Genom att hitta nya målproteiner somNeuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and often manifests in the adrenal gland affecting the sympathetic nervous system. Despite many treatment alternatives, the risk of relapse remains, and the overall five-year survival is around 50 %. By downregulating major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), the NBL cells can evade the immune system affecting the function

Detection of c-di-GMP level in Bacillus subtilis with Biosensors Cyclic dinucleotides are signaling molecules that control several critical processes in bacteria. The most studied example is cyclic dimeric guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-GMP) which is a universal bacterial second messenger. C-di-GMP is known to affect several cellular processes such as biofilm formation and dispersion

Under de senaste 30 åren har all elektronik fått allt mindre storlek. Detta beror på att man har lyckats skala ned de komponenter som bygger upp dagens elektronik till nanoskalan. En av de allra viktigaste strukturerna som har bidragit till den här utvecklingen är nanotrådar, som är i storlek av en miljarddels meter. Nanotrådar är små avlånga strukturer som är kristallina och kan användas att byggIII-V semiconductor material based nanowires have been extensively studied and shown to be a very exciting building block for future electronics. Material systems such as GaSb show a lot of promise in optoelectric and thermoelectric generation applications because of its high electron mobility and small bandgap. Although there is a lot of research about III-V nanowires, a gap in understanding anti

Alexander’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder caused by a wide array of dominant, gain of function mutations in the GFAP gene. The disorder is characterized by the accumulation of GFAP in astrocytes, leading to the formation of protein inclusion bodies known as Rosenthal fibers. This results in a disruption of astrocytic function and the subsequent degeneration of white matter. Howeve

Understanding the effect of Myc on lung cancer immune signalling in vitro and in vivo Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) is a promising treatment option that is commonly used for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have demonstrated remarkable effects. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis restores tumor cell recognition and

Bifidobakterier för bättre hälsa Bifidobakterier ingår i en familj av bakterier som kallas för mjölksyrabakterier. Många av dessa bakterier har en Y-form, därav namnet ”bifid” som betyder ”tvådelad”. Bifidobakterierna återfinns ofta i mag-tarmkanalen hos framförallt spädbarn. Dessa bakterier är fördelaktiga för den generella hälsan och kan påverka utvecklingen av bland annat immunsystemet och hjä

Objective: 1-2 ‰ of newborns in Sweden are identified with a permanent, habilitation- required hearing impairment at neonatal hearing screening. Traditionally, focus is on the child when diagnosed; the parents’ needs and concerns are not always recognised. The current study aims to elucidate parents’ narratives of their experiences of the process of diagnosis and habilitation of their child with c

Maternal boost early in life alter rotavirus specific immune response on infants The first period of life for infants goes through by depending on their mother’s antibody transfer, primarily because of the infant’s immune system is still under development while being exposed to pathogens. Maternal antibody transfer is achieved through placenta during pregnancy and continues past birth through bre

This thesis examines how the performance of a rule based trading algorithm, the Golden Cross Trading Algorithm, and an Artificial Neural Network constructed algorithm, the Long Short-Term Memory, perform against each other and a buy- and-hold strategy, when trading on the equity market. The underlying assets will be nine large American tech companies, all listed on Nasdaq. In order to distinguish

Title: The Impact of the Pandemic and War on the State of Global Supply Chains Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to outline the current state of global supply chains and global energy supply as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic as well as Russia-Ukraine war. Current energy and supply chain issues are explored and discussed based on existing theory on the topic. When the overall issues are cla

För att kunna förstå och beskriva universum behövs det mer materia än den vi ser och kan förklara med standardmodellen för partikelfysik. Den materia som vi ser och kan ta på utgör bara en bråkdel av den materian som finns i vårt universum. Det som fattas, det som vi inte kan se men enligt observationer och beräkningar finns där, kallas mörk materia. Den kallas mörk materia då den inte reflekterarDark matter is one of our universe’s largest mysteries and very little is known about what it is. One of the dominating theories, that it originates from an early universe thermal relic, indicates that it has interaction with the Standard Model. If this is the case, dark matter can be produced at accelerators and detected indirectly by searching for missing momentum signals. LDMX will join this se

Ett alternativ för att studera immunceller i cellkulturer utan djurprodukter Cancer är ett samlingsnamn för en rad olika sjukdomar som kan uppstå var som helst i människokroppen. Tillståndet kännetecknas av att tumörer bildas i en viss kroppsdel som kan spridas till andra delar. Tumörer är komplexa strukturer som inte bara innehåller cancerceller. Cancercellerna i en tumör omringas av en så-kallaThe use of cancer cell cultures, including immune cells, is essential in cancer research for developing immunotherapies in pre-clinical investigations. However, so far, a large number of animal-derived products are utilised in cell culturing, where experimental variations and reproducibility problems have been reported. Most studies have also only investigated the differentiation of monocytes into

Developing a new tool for the study of human brain development “If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t” physicist Emerson Pugh once said. Nevertheless, despite its complexity, researchers are trying to figure out one of the human body's most vital organs. Understanding the development of the brain is crucial to understanding how i

It is difficult to definitively say who the greatest Formula One driver is. It is a subjective assessment and can depend on a variety of factors, including the driver’s skill, their results and accomplishments, their team and car, and the era in which they competed. Some of the most successful and highly regarded Formula One drivers include Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna, Lewis Hamilton, Alain P

Zooarchaeological studies have played a crucial role in understanding the pre-historic societies of Scania. The analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites has provided insights into the subsistence strategies, economic practices, and cultural beliefs of the people who lived in the region. Remains from horse, dog, wild boar, and man are commonly observed in offering and burial contexts. D

De antroprogena kemikalierna PFAS, som står för poly- och perfluorerade alkylsubstanser, är nästan omöjliga att bryta ned och har en förmåga att ansamlas i oss människor och andra organismer. De är även kopplade till en rad olika hälsoproblem som olika former av cancer, hormonell obalans och fertilitetsproblem. Samtidigt är dessa kemikalier vitt använt i olika industriella samt vardagliga produkteAqueuous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) is one of the major sources of groundwater contamination in Sweden. Groundwater contamination caused by the use of AFFF in correlation to fire training events was investigated in Kallinge, Sweden. At the site groundwater was previously used as a drinking water source consequently affecting the inhabit

When a fuel cell stack is assembled it is compressed to ensure gas tightness, and as a consequence, the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) will intrude into the channels of the Bipolar Plate (BPP). In this work, the GDL is studied in compression tests and through intrusion measurements. Based on the collected data from the measurements, an approximative method is developed to calculate the intruded profile

Att social isolering och ofrivillig ensamhet har negativa effekter på den psykiska och fysiska hälsan är ingen nyhet. Ensamhet är en folksjukdom. Och undersökningar visar att den ofrivilliga ensamheten har starka kopplingar till boendet och det egna hemmet. Tiden under Covid-19-pandemin har präglats hårt av uppmaningen om ”social distansiering”. Ännu mer tid har spenderats i eller i närheten av h

When installing new research equipment at the synchrotron research laboratory MAX IV, a final positional accuracy of tens of microns is usually needed. To obtain that accuracy, initial reference points must be placed within 2 mm from the nominal target points in CAD, in a process referred to as bluelining. It is currently a manual process where points from a virtual environment are transferred to

Ungefär en tredjedel av Sveriges befolkning är friluftsaktiva i skog- och mark minst en gång i veckan. Detta intresse ökar för varje år, och under Covid-19-pandemin nådde andelen friluftsintresserade nya höjder där femtio procent av Sveriges totala befolkning aktivt deltog i utomhusaktiviteter. Men, även fast intresse för utemiljöer och naturupplevelser finns, har alla inte samma möjlighet att ta About a third of Sweden's population is active outdoors in forests and fields at least once a week. This interest increases every year, and during the Covid-19 pandemic the percentage of people interested in the outdoors reached new heights where fifty percent of Sweden's total population actively participated in outdoor activities. But, even if there is a strong interest in outdoor enviro