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Our modern society’s functionality and safety is highly dependent on the smooth functioning of a number of activities, services and flows, frequently termed as critical infrastructures. Disruptions in these infrastructures pose a great risk for our societies, which could result in economic losses, damage to the environment and public health, and in worst-case result in loss of life. This thesis se
Unveiling political motivation as a feature in the actions of states has since the mid 20th century been a rising subject of interest in the academic research of International Relations. Research has predominatly focused on the incidence of war as a method to foster domestic support, however the manifestation of political stimulus streches past these events. The study aims to reasearch the politic
Personuppgifter och användardata har kommit att få ett större kommersiellt värde än någonsin tidigare. I den digitala ekonomin är personuppgifter ofta en av företags viktigaste tillgångar. Företags ökade insamling och hantering av personuppgifter innebär dock risker och utmaningar i förhållande till EU-medborgares personliga integritet och personuppgiftsskydd. Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i The commercial value of personal data is now higher than ever before. In the digital economy, personal data is often a company´s most valuable asset. However, the increased collection and processing of personal data poses risks and challenges to the protection of EU citizens’ privacy and personal data. This paper is based on the conflict of interests between the protection of personal data in rela
The urbanization process today places high demands on our city planners to find the best practices and solutions for the transportation systems in our growing and crowded cities. The bike is seen as one of these solutions, but if the bike will have a functional role in our cities, we need to create accessible and available bicycle networks. This paper is based on a case study of Lund, a city where
Swedish migration politics is going through a radical change in 2016 when restrictive temporary laws are accompanied by governmental plans of deporting up to 80,000 people the coming year. This thesis takes a hold of these changes and investigates how the political ambition of deporting a radically increased amount of people has been made possible. More specifically, the thesis examines how the Sw
När föräldrar till barn i vårt samhälle blir oense och inte på egen hand kan lösa frågor om vårdnad, boende och umgänge träder vår rättsliga reglering in för att reda ut den konflikt som råder. Regleringen avseende vårdnad, boende och umgänge finns i 6 kap. FB. När en konflikt mellan föräldrar presenteras för socialnämnden eller tas upp i allmän domstol fyller de civilrättsliga reglerna kring vårdThe regulation concerning custody, residence and access are provided in the Swedish Parental Code Chapter 6. When a conflict between parents is presented before the social welfare committee or the general Court, our civil law regulation fills a controlling function as well as a conflict resolution function. Our social welfare committee or our Courts shall ensure that all decisions concerning cus
De senaste åren har den svenska sockerkonsumtionen debatterats flitigt i media. Att Sverige skulle införa en sockerskatt för att minska den höga konsumtionen har föreslagits av såväl akademiker som politiker. Trots att ett införande av en svensk sockerskatt har föreslagits i en rad riksdagsmotioner, har dessa avslagits gång på gång. Debatten har trots detta fortsatt, och att den till slut kommer uIn the past few years the high sugar consumption has been a concern in Sweden as well as world wide because of the health problems it may lead to. As a result of the increased sugar consumption, some countries have introduced a tax on sugar to reduce the consumption. In Sweden there is an ongoing debate concerning a possible introduction of this kind of tax, but the Swedish tax committee has rejec
Arbetet behandlar handelsbolag och underprisöverlåtelser samt hur ämnet utvecklats. Underprisöverlåtelsereglerna i 23 kap. IL tillåter företag att avyttra tillgångar för priser som understiger marknadsvärdet, utan att transaktionen blir utsatt för beskattning. Reglerna finns för att gynna omstruktureringar, ombildningar och för att upprätthålla en kontinuitet i beskattningen. År 2008 diskvalificeThis thesis deals with partnerships and undervalue transfers, as well as how the subject has developed over time. The undervalue transfer regulations in chapter 23 IL allows companies to dispose assets for prices below market value, without the transaction being subject to taxation. These regulations exist in order to benefit restructuring, remodelling and to maintain continuity in taxation. In 20
Orientation of Myriococcum thermophilum Cellobiose Dehydrogenase (MtCDH) immobilized on spectroscopic graphite electrodes has been investigated electrochemically through flow injection analysis in order to obtain more information about the DET efficiency of this enzyme. The effect of applied potential and the long term stability of the modified electrodes were determined, as well as the bioelectro
Since the early 1990s, NATO and Russia have cooperated in a number of areas. Relations grew stronger, even though there were clear contradictions in various fields. But the cooperation continued until the beginning of 2014 when Russia through violence annexed the Crimean peninsula. The action had the consequence of NATO suspending any and all cooperation with Russia and relations are at the worst
I takt med dagens ökade globalisering arbetar EU med att utveckla ett rättsligt samarbete som bygger på ömsesidigt erkännande av domstolsavgörande och utomrättsliga avgöranden. Arvsförordningen kom till som en del av detta arbete och syftar till att öka förutsägbarheten för gränsöverskridande arvsfrågor. För att avgöra vilken stat som är behörig att hantera arvsfrågorna så måste den avlidnes hemviDue to the expanding global mobility of people, the legal obstacles in cross-border successions have increased. Legislative action by the EU to simplify the process of cross-border successions within the EU has now led to the EU Succession Regulation. The EU Succession Regulation mainly answers two important conflict-of-law questions: Firstly, which court is competent to deal with a cross-border s
Kontinuitetsprincipen och fångesklassificering har ofta ett direkt samband. Att en överlåtelse klassificeras som gåva medför i regel att inkomstbeskattning kan underlåtas när en tillgång överlåts och att mottagaren övertar obeskattat värde i enlighet med kontinuitetsprincipen. Vid underprisöverlåtelser enligt reglerna i 23 kap. IL finns visserligen en lagstadgad kontinuitetsbestämmelse som är tillThe appreciation of assets is usually subject for taxation when transferred. However, if the principle of basis carryover is applied, it is possible to transfer assets without any immediate taxation. When this principle is applied, the appreciation of the assets is transferred to the transferee, and therefore the tax liability does not cease, it is only postponed. In Swedish domestic tax law, ther
I Sverige ansvarar Skatteverket för kontrollen av deklarationer och ska därmed se till att alla betalar rätt skatt. För att kontrollera detta har Skatteverket ett antal kontrollmetoder vilka oftast utgår i de flesta fall från den skatteskyldiges deklaration. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de kontrollmetoder som används av Skatteverket och de principer som verket behöver följa när de utförIn Sweden, the Tax Agency is responsible for the verification of tax declarations to ensure that everyone pays the right amount of tax. In order to ensure that the taxpayers pays the correct amount of tax, the Tax Agency uses a number of control methods, with the most common method being the taxpayer's declaration. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the control methods used by the Swedi
The feeling of being unsafe in the city creates restrictions in many people's lives. The urban environment has an impact on the perception of safety and the municipality can through their work with the urban design affect the safety. This thesis analyzes a form of citizen participation in urban development, called safety walks. The aim of the study is to examine in which ways safety walks may
Något som är det största hindret i arbetet mot terrorism är att vi inte kan nå kon-sensus om vad terrorism är och vilka som klassas som terrorister. Detta skapar stor förvirring inom både akademins tolkning av fenomenet men också inom me-dias rapportering av det. Denna studie syftar till att förtydliga begreppet genom att undersöka hur akademin och media på olika sätt tolkar och använder sig av beOne great obstacle in the war against terrorism is the fact that we can’t seem to agree upon its definition and on who we call terrorist. This confusion can be found in both the academic world and in the media. This study aims to shed light on this issue and highlight one aspect of the concept by looking more closely into the case of the Norvegean man Anders Behring Breivik and the massmurders he
This paper looks into investigate what consequences an infrastructure project such as high speed railway could have on smaller cities and how those could gain from it without having a station in their own municipality. The study looks into the municipalities of Bollebygd and Ulricehamn in Västra Götaland, Sweden. These two smaller cities were disappointed when the government’s representatives for
This study examines the process of gentrification. In so doing, the main aim is to explore a context wherein the process of gentrification is deemed unconventional. The context deemed unconventional is the one beyond the city, more accurately a coastal hamlet called Brantevik, located in the municipality of Simrishamn, in the southeastern part of the Scania region. By investigating whether Brantev
Denna uppsats har som syfte att klargöra den aktuella omfattningen av koncernavdragsrätten inom EU såsom den formulerats i Marks & Spencer med beaktande av senare års praxis, i synnerhet det viktiga målet Kommissionen mot Förenade kungariket. Doktrinen om slutliga förluster kan ses ha blivit striktare under de senaste årens rättsutveckling, till stor del på grund av att EU-domstolen uttalat atThis essay aims to clarify the current scope of cross-border loss-relief between subsidiaries in the EU by examining the Marks & Spencer-case, along with its following case law up to the most recent cases by the ECJ, in particular Commission v UK. The final losses-doctrine seems to become stricter in later years, much due to the ECJ concluding that member states cannot be expected to account f
Today the Swedish education system faces major challenges. This study deals with school segregation, and the broad topic is narrowed down through a qualitative study that intends to capture several dimensions of how the municipality in Malmö works to improve the conditions for a good and equal education. It also tries to highlight the ideological discussion of why this work is important for the ci
The aim with this study to study is how the public participation has been in a planning process in Malmö by doing a case study of the public participation in the planning of Dragörkajen. The methods in this study are analyses of official document by Malmö stad of the project Dragörkajen and interviews with a municipally official and with an association in Limhamn. The municipally official has been
