Denna uppsats behandlar frågan: ”Skiljer sig reglerna för kampanjfinansiering åt beroende på typ av demokrati?” Som frågeställningen vittnar är uppsatsen skriven ur ett förklarande analysperspektiv. Demokratityperna konsensus- och majoritetsdemokratin är utgångspunkten för en jämförelse där lagstiftning om kampanjfinansiering från 16 Europeiska länder appliceras på 10 politiska institutioner som ä

Bcl-6 i T celler – ökar men initierar ej uttryck av CXCR5 En av de viktigaste funktionerna av kroppens immunförsvar är dess förmåga att producera antikroppar som skyddar mot infektioner. När immunförsvaret utsätts för en ny bakterie eller ett nytt virus kommer B celler att producera stora mängder antikroppar för att förhindra en storskalig infektion. Dessa antikroppar är dock inte särskilt effekAbstract: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4 T cells specialized to help B cells during the germinal center reaction. By expressing high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, Tfh cells home into the B cell follicle where they provide B cells with cytokines IL-4 and IL-21 as well as receptor-ligands interactions essential for B cell differentiation into mature antibody secreting

Uppsatsen avser att förklara variationerna i Sverigedemokraternas (SD) framgång i kommunalfullmäktigevalet 2010. Syftet är att kunna förklara SDs representation med hjälp av 5 variabler. SD representation som den beroende variabeln korrelerat med eftergymnasial utbildning, valdeltagande, arbetslöshet, invandring och mediannettoinkomst som oberoende variabler. Hypotesen är att i kommuner med hög SD

During the last 30 years the form for political participation in Sweden has changed from a corporatistic system to a pluralistic system of lobbying. This change has led to a number of democratic consequences, such as the unbalanced potential for using lobbyism between the labourmarket parties, the well-reasourced and less well-resourced as well as untransparent way of how lobbying is done. During

I en allt mer globaliserad värld präglad av konstant gränsöverskridande handel är det av yttersta vikt att beskattningen av gränsöverskridande transaktioner fungerar tillfredsställande. Detta gäller även de fall då avkastning på finansiella instrument korsar länders gränser. I svensk rätt liksom i många andra länders rätt saknas klara definitioner för vad som är ränta och vad som är utdelning. DetIn a progressively more globalized world featuring constant cross-border trade it is imperative that the taxation of cross-border transactions is carried out in a satisfactory manner. This is also true regarding periodic income from financial instruments. In Swedish tax law as well as in many other countries there is no clear definition of what constitutes interest and dividends. Large multination

This thesis looks at government censorship of Chinese social media, with a focus on the especially vibrant medium of micro-blogs – weibo 微博 in Chinese. It looks in detail at what kind of content is more likely to be censored, and how effective that censorship is. The approach is to conceptualise the Chinese online environment and the state-user interaction. Using these findings a hypothesis is the

EU-domstolen har i ett flertal rättsfall slagit fast att en internationell dubbelbeskattning inte utgör ett hinder enligt EUF-fördragets bestämmelser om de fria rörligheterna vid ett parallellt utövande av beskattningsrätten. Detta förutsätter att den prövade medlemsstatens lagstiftning inte negativt särbehandlar den gränsöverskridande situationen i förhållande till den jämförbara interna situatio

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor stimulate the thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormones. GD is caused by interplay of genetic, environmental and endogeneous factors and is more likely to affect women compared to men. Furthermore 1/3 of the patients suffering from GD develop symptoms of Graves’ opthalmopathy (GO).

Denna undersökning studerar vilka säkerhetsperspektiv som speglas i idén Skyldigheten att Skydda genom att utforska ett par nyckeldokument: ICISS rapport från 2001 samt FN:s summitdokument från 2005. Med hjälp av en idé- och ideologianalys svarar undersökningen på vilket av det mänskliga, det politiska, det militära samt ett postkolonialt säkerhetsperspektiv som framförallt speglas i Skyldigheten

CITED1 as a potential marker of treatment response in breast cancer Background Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. In the clinic, breast cancer is generally divided into hormone dependent and independent form, based on whether tumor growth is driven by a certain hormone or not. Generally, patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer have a better prognosis compare

EU:s mervärdesskattesystem är idag uppbyggt kring destinationslandsprincipen, vilket innebär att försäljning till annat land inom EU inte påläggs någon skatt. Mervärdesskatt upptas istället i destinationslandet. Detta var till en början tänkt som en övergångs-ordning. Den slutliga ordningen för mervärdesbeskattningens vidkommande var tänkt att baseras på ursprungslandsprincipen, där skatt läggs påThe European VAT system is built around the destination principle, which means that intra-community sales are exempt from taxation. Instead VAT is collected in the buyers member state. This system is in fact an interim system, and according to art. 402 of the VAT directive must be replaced by a system based on the origin principle. This would mean that VAT is also levied on intra-community sales b

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the Swedish newspapers' use of party-preference polls has changed over time. I study 246 articles published by Göteborgs-Posten, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen, and compare the time-period 1994-1996 with 2010-2012. Amongst other things, I look at the news-papers' reporting of basic statistical information in their polls, as well as th

Previous research has uncovered that immigrants from Somalia are one immigrant group that have struggled to integrate in Sweden. In light of this, I employ an ethnic-based approach with the intent to understand the difficulties that immigrants from Somalia encounter in Sweden by examining their own perceptions of integration. The study utilizes a qualitative case study approach and draws on data c

A discussion on whether different national interpretations sit comfortably with the rationale for the uniform Court of Justice term "worker" and whether this situation can be justified in the light of the potential unlevelling of the internal market and Article 30 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights

Since the late 1970s, public administrative management has increasingly been in-spired by corporate-inspired governance-models to have an effective management. The reforms came to be called New Public Management. Today modern manage-ment is facing new challenges and perhaps the New Public Leadership model may be the proper answer to these new challenges? This study examines Eslöv municipal adminis

This thesis discusses the role for states and centralised government policies in development intervention. The topic is explored through a case study of India’s Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), a large-scale government intervention to enhance food security among India’s poorest households. The central questions of the study were, firstly, which function TPDS serves in the lives of benef

Data Mining has a reputation in social science for lacking statistical rigour. This study challenges this reputation and argues that, whilst such a method (as with any other) can be abused, it has particular promise as a tool to be used for monitoring and explorative research, especially by smaller development organisations. Drawing on recent advances in adapting commercial ‘Big Data’ techniques f

Why the performance of local value-adding firms supplying to mining MNCs in Zambia’s liberalized economy seems more constrained was the investigated problem. I conducted a multiple case study research involving 15 firms located on Copperbelt Province. Local value-adding firms are cardinal to national industrial development through their backward linkage role to mines. However, their performance is

The European Union actively employs public diplomacy for enhancing visibility and promoting its positive image among the foreign audiences. There is an extensive academic debate concerning the normative and regulatory framework of the EU public diplomacy. While correct, the literature omits the observation of the influence it has on target societies. This thesis is devoted to the illumination of E