Surface core-level shifts on Ge(111)c(2 x 8): Experiment and theory
Combining high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 3d photoemission line shape and surface core-level shifts have been reinvestigated on the Ge(111)c(2 x 8) surface. It is found that 3d spectra include, in addition to the bulk and three surface-shifted components reported in literature, a component that was not identified in earlier measurements