Today parents are faced with increasing expectations to attend to their young children’s learning and cognitive development. South Korea and Singapore are well-known for their competitive education systems and for consistently topping international student assessment tests. They also share an inflated private tuition industry, fuelled by the assumption that parents are compelled to invest substant

The long-term trend of increasing natural organic matter (NOM) in boreal and north European surface waters represents an economic and environmental challenge for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). High-frequency measurements from absorbance-based online spectrophotometers are often used in modern DWTPs to measure the chromophoric fraction of dissolved organic matter (CDOM) over time. These d

Reliable and safe drinking water supply requires adequate risk management. Decisionsupport models can aid decisionmakers to effectively evaluate risk mitigation measures and allocatesocietal resources. Here, a Swedish case study illustrates how the installation of ultrafiltrationmembranes can be evaluated by combining risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Quantitativemicrobial risk assessment

Social resilience is relatively new rarely explored concept. In 21st century, it is becoming significant in sustainability studies in the context of social wellbeing and its impact on quality of life. The concept of social resilience is frequently associated withpredominant conceptualisation of resilience in Psychology. However, it goes beyond the narrow definition of resilience by assessing indiv

We propose that a recently discovered event-related potential (ERP) component—the pre-activation negativity (PrAN)—indexes the predictive strength of phonological cues, including segments, word tones, and sentence-level tones. Specifically, we argue that PrAN is a reflection of the brain’s anticipation of upcoming speech (segments, morphemes, words, and syntactic structures). Findings from a long

Spoken language is a rapidly unfolding signal: a complex code that the listener must crack to understand what is being said. From the structures of the inner ear through to higher-order areas of the brain, a hierarchy of interlinked processes transforms the acoustic signal to a linguistic message within fractions of a second.This Element outlines how speech is perceived and explores what the audit

Importance: One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in p

The production cross section of prompt Λc+ charm baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02TeV. The Λc+ and Λ¯c- baryons were reconstructed in the hadronic decay channels Λc+→pK-π+ and Λc+→pKS0 and respective charge conjugates. The measured differential cross

We discuss the associated cc¯ and l+l- pairs production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at high energies. Such a channel provides a novel probe for double-parton scattering (DPS) at small x enabling one to probe the photon density inside the nucleus. We have derived an analog of the standard central pp pocket formula and studied the kinematical dependence of the effective cross section. Ta

The size, volume, variety, and velocity of geospatial data collected by geo-sensors, people, and organizations are increasing rapidly. Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) are ongoing to facilitate the sharing of stored data in a distributed and homogeneous environment. Extracting high-level information and knowledge from such datasets to support decision making undoubtedly requires a relatively so

The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2

We derive a gap equation for bilayer excitonic systems based on density functional theory and benchmark our results against quantum Monte Carlo simulations and recent experiments on double bilayer graphene. The gap equation has a mean-field form but includes a consistent treatment of dynamical screening. We show that the gap survives at much higher densities than previously thought from mean-field

Several processes in the cell, such as gene regulation, start when key proteins recognize and bind to short DNA sequences. However, as these sequences can be hundreds of million times shorter than the genome, they are hard to find by simple diffusion: diffusion-limited association rates may underestimate in vitro measurements up to several orders of magnitude. Moreover, the rates increase if the D

Ab initio simulations of a range of interferometric experiments are used to identify a strong dependence on multiphoton phase shifts in above-threshold ionization (ATI). A simple rule of thumb for interaction phase shifts is derived to explain both the conservation of photoelectron yield and its absolute CEP dependence. For instance, it is found that interferometric (ATI) experiments are shifted b

We provide a detailed map of the ages and metallicities of turn-off stars in the Milky Way disc based on data from GALAH DR3 and Gaia EDR3. From this map, we identify previously undetected features in the age-metallicity distribution of disc stars and interpret these results as indicating a three-phase formation history of the Milky Way. In the first phase, inner disc stars form along a single age

Since the advent of Gaia astrometry, it is possible to identify massive accreted systems within the Galaxy through their unique dynamical signatures. One such system, Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE), appears to be an early 'building block' given its virial mass >1010M⊙ at infall (z ~ 1-3). In order to separate the progenitor population from the background stars, we investigate its chemical properties

Survival after blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is excellent; however, the burden of morbidity in long-term survivors of BMT for IEM remains understudied. This study examined the risk of chronic health conditions (CHC) in ≥2-year survivors of allogeneic BMT for IEM performed between 1974 and 2014 using the BMT Survivor Study. In this retrospective cohort

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies