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BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with pre-term birth, intrauterine growth retardation, a small head circumference, a low Apgar score at 5 min and stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This study was undertaken in order to investigate the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy when all these outcomes were considered. METHODS: With the use of the Swedish Medical Birth Regi
Two-pion correlations in roots(NN) = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC have been measured over a broad range of pair transverse momentum k(T) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The k(T) dependent transverse radii are similar to results from heavy-ion collisions at roots(NN) = 4.1 , 4.9, and 17.3 GeV, whereas the longitudinal radius increases monotonically with beam energy. The ratio of the outwards
This paper addresses the relationship between organizations and the natural environment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. In doing so, it contributes in three ways. First, it satisfies the need for more political perspectives in enviromnent-related research. Second, by analyzing the end-of-life vehicle issue that the European automobile industry addressed in the 1990s, the paper sa
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to illuminate lived experience of having been in an acute confusional state (ACS) as narrated by elderly patients in orthopaedic care. METHOD: Qualitative study with phenomenological hermeneutic method for analysing the data based on narrative interviews. Fifty patients (67-96 years of age) who developed ACS during hospitalisation and in all cases the ACS ceas
Neural stem and progenitor cells hold the promise to be used in cell-based therapies to treat both acute and degenerative neurological diseases. To date, most research has been focused on the use of in vitro propagated stem cells used as a source of cells in cell replacement therapies. However, mobilization of endogenous neural stem cells to generate a specific differentiated cell type offers an a
We consider the problem of determining for each pair of vertices of a directed acyclic graph (dag) on n vertices whether or not it has a unique lowest common ancestor, and if so, finding such an ancestor. We show that this problem can be solved in time O(n ω logn), where ω< 2.376 is the exponent of the fastest known algorithm for multiplication of two n×n matrices. We show also that the problem of
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to endothelin ETA receptor mRNA were used to characterize vascular smooth muscle receptors. The concentration-response curve showed a significant attenuation of endothelin-1-induced contraction in circular segments of the human superficial temporal artery. Endothelin ETB receptor antisense or mismatch oligodeoxynucleotides showed no alteration of the endothelin-1-in
This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual-Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared w
Background: Nocturnal ventilatory support by nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is an established treatment method in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation (CAH). The knowledge about its long-term effects on health-related quality of life (HRQL) is limited. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal, single-strand study, patients with CAH caused by non-COPD conditions, consecutively
This article examines differences in health among immigrants in Sweden from 1990 to 2001. Controlling for demographic characteristics, most immigrant groups display higher rates of hospitalisation than native Swedes, but when socio-economic factors are introduced, only Nordic immigrants display rates that are significantly higher than for Swedish-born individuals. High rates of hospitalisation amo
Different screening models in quantum cascade lasers are compared by calculating the contribution of intrasubband impurity scattering to the optical linewidth as a function of temperature. We find a strong impact of impurity scattering, which increases substantially with temperature. A simple isotropic bulk screening model works well if the screening length is of the order of or longer than the pe
Background: The incidence of arm lymphoedema after treatment for breast cancer ranges from 1 to 49 percent. Although most women can be treated by non-operative means with satisfying results, end-stage lymphoedema is often non-responsive to compression, where hypertrophy of adipose tissue limits the outcome value of compression or massage. Methods: This was a prospective study of 37 women with unil
Dawkins in his The Selfish Gene(1) quite aptly applies the term "selfish" to parasitic repetitive DNA sequences endemic to eukaryotic genomes, especially vertebrates. Doolittle and Sapienza (2) as well as Orgel and Crick (3) enlivened this notion of selfish DNA with the identification of such repetitive sequences as remnants of mobile elements such as transposons. In addition, Orgel and Crick (3)
Metasedimentary granulites from the central portion of the Belarus-Podlyasie granulite belt were studied with the purpose to reproduce the Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal evolution in the western part of the East European craton. The regularities identified in the compositional variations in minerals (particularly, garnet), textural relations between minerals, and thermobarometric data point to t
A series of CCK2 receptor ligands were analysed with respect to their interaction with binding sites in the membranes of COS-7 cells and SK-N-MC cells transiently expressing the human CCK2 receptor (short isoform). The ligands were YF476, YM022, AG041R, L-740,093, JB93182, PD134308, and PD136450. Their binding was analysed by radioligand competition using [H-3]L-365,260 as the labelled ligand. Sat
The lidar technique is an efficient tool for remote monitoring of the distribution of a number of atmospheric species. We study measurements of sulphur dioxide emitted from the Italian volcano Mt. Etna. This study is focused on the treatment of data and on the procedure to evaluate range-resolved concentrations. In order to make an in-depth analysis, the lidar system was prepared to store measurem
The phase behavior and phase structure of the mixed lecithin/DDAB system in water are studied by SAXS, H-2 NMR, cryo-TEM, and optical polarization microscopy methods. Macroscopically, the triangular phase diagram is dominated by one lamellar liquid crystalline region. SAXS data in combination with 2H NMR detect the presence of two different lamellar phases. The collapsed lamellar phase originated
Protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a serine protease inhibitor, displaying broad protease specificity, found in blood and other tissues. In blood, it is capable of inhibiting both procoagulant and anticoagulant proteases. Mechanisms that provide specificity to PCI remain largely unrevealed. In this study we have for the first time provided a full explanation for the marked size heterogeneity of blood-de
