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In this study, we use a data assimilation framework based on the adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to constrain process parameters in LPJ-GUESS model using CH4 eddy-covariance flux observations from 14 different natural boreal, temperate, and arctic wetlands. The objective is to derive a single set of calibrated parameter values. The calibrated parameter values are then used in th
European managed grasslands are amongst the most productive in the world. Besides temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation, grass production is also highly controlled by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and land management to sustain a high productivity. Since management characteristics of pastures vary greatly across Europe, land-use intensity and their projections are critical
The “Green Sahara” is a period when North Africa was characterized by vegetation cover and wetlands. To qualitatively identify the orbital-climatic causation of the Green Sahara regime, we performed dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations, driven by climate forcings from coupled general circulation model (EC-Earth) simulations for the mid-Holocene, in which the vegetation is prescribed to
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfOx layers has emerged as a promising strategy for interface passivation in chalcopyrite-based thin-film solar cells. However, the nucleation dynamics of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) absorbers remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the interplay between absorber composition and alkali postdeposition treatments (PDTs). Here, we employ in situ ambient
Cross-border e-commerce gives rise to a number of legal issues. One particular difficulty, discussed by legal commentators all over the world, is how to allocate jurisdiction when disputes arise over e-contracts. The Brussels I Regulation contains certain semi-mandatory jurisdiction rules which apply in relation to contract disputes between traders and consumers. These rules give the consumer a r
The seasonal migrations of insects involve a substantial displacement of biomass with significant ecological and economic consequences for regions of departure and arrival. Remote sensors have played a pivotal role in revealing the magnitude and general direction of bioflows above 150 m. Nevertheless, the take-off and descent activity of insects below this height is poorly understood. Our lidar ob
This technical report gives an overview of our submission to task 3 of the DCASE 2024 challenge. We present a sound event localization and detection (SELD) system using input features based on trainable neural generalized cross-correlations with phase transform (NGCC-PHAT). With these features together with spectrograms as input to a Transformer-based network, we achieve significant improvements o
Enhancing forest drought resilience is important for preserving ecosystem services in the face of climate change, but operational management methods for boreal forests aiming to preserve ecosystem services under drought are still largely missing. This study explores the use of satellite remote sensing to monitor vegetation stress phases related to drought progression and to quantify both short- an
The linear inverse problem associated with the standard model for hyperspectral image recovery from CASSI measurements is considered. This is formulated as the minimization of an objective function which is the sum of a total variation regularizer and a least squares loss function. Standard first-order iterative minimization algorithms, such as ISTA, FISTA and TwIST, require as input the value of
Background: The Organ Care System and Non-ischemic Heart Preservation methods have emerged as significant advancements in heart transplantation, designed to mitigate ischemic injury and extend preservation times. However, their high costs and logistical complexities necessitate strategic utilization. Methods: We evaluated data from 83,761 heart transplants registered in the International Society f
Many forms of bioimage analysis involve the detection of objects and their outlines. In the context of microscopy-based high-throughput drug and genomic screening and even in smaller scale microscopy experiments, the objects that most often need to be detected are cells. In order to develop and benchmark algorithms and neural networks that can perform this task, high-quality datasets with annotate
This study examines how one may detect Parkinson’s disease (PD) by analyzing voice recordings made with a mobile phone. The key objectives include creating a model that ensures fair and unbiased predictions while maintaining interpretability that is consistent with the existing literature on PD. We introduce a novel group-wise scaling method to address typical age and biological sex biases in the
Forests are invaluable terrestrial ecosystems with considerable economic, ecological, and environmental benefits. Bark beetles have been recognized as one of the major causes of forest disturbance, and climate change can exacerbate their impact, leading to more tree mortality. Early detection of bark beetle attacks is vital to reduce forest loss and devastating consequences. This study examines th
In his comment (Kowalski 2023) on our recent publication (Heiskanen et al. 2022) where we present the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure, Andrew Kowalski introduces three important and, in our opinion, different potential issues in the definition, collection, and availability of field measurements made by the ICOS network, and he proposes possible solutions to thes
We have used a continuous-wave bi-static lidar system based on the Scheimpflug principle in measurements on flying insects above, and in the vicinity of, a small lake located in a forested area in Southern Sweden. The system, which operates on triangulation principles, has a high spatial resolution at close distance, followed by a subsequent decline in resolution further from the sensor, related t
The determinants of fire-driven changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) across broad environmental gradients remains unclear, especially in global drylands. Here we combined datasets and field sampling of fire-manipulation experiments to evaluate where and why fire changes SOC and compared our statistical model to simulations from ecosystem models. Drier ecosystems experienced larger relative changes
The unique Swecrit Biobank and its associated clinical registries for sepsis, ARDS, cardiac arrest, trauma, and COVID-19 include more than 150,000 blood samples and descriptions of critically ill patients. These assets provide a unique opportunity to research and improve the care of the most seriously ill patients through biomarker analyses, proteomic studies, and genetic and epigenetic studies us
Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of global warming on past and future changes in climate of the Baltic Sea region is summarised and assessed. The study is an update of the Second Assessment of Climate Change (BACC II) published in 2015 and focuses on the atmosphere, lan
Purpose: Evaluate the prediction of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) values from MPI, by means of deep learning. Methods: 546 patients (67% men) undergoing stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin MPI in a CZT camera in the upright and supine position were included (1092 MPIs). Patients were divided into two groups: ICA group included 271 patients who performed an ICA within 6 months of MPI and a control g
