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The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of the poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation. However, the current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol
Boreal forests play a key role in the global carbon cycle and are facing rapid shifts in nitrogen availability with poorly understood consequences for ecosystem function and global climate change. We quantified the effects of increasing nitrogen availability on carbon fluxes from a relatively understudied component of these forests - the forest floor - at three intervals over the summer growing pe
Summary Background: The vitamin K-dependent Gas6 protein (product of growth arrest specific gene 6) binds to, and activates the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. Gas6 and the TAM receptors have been suggested to be important for primary platelet functions, but Gas6 cannot be found in human platelets. However, Gas6 is present in human plasma at a concentration of around 0.2 nM, whi
Efficient light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic energy-harvesting devices are expected to play an important role in the continued efforts towards sustainable global power consumption. Semiconductor nanowires are promising candidates as the active components of both light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, primarily due to the added freedom in device design offered by the nanowire geometry. H
Background and objectives: Platelet-derived CD40L is known to regulate neutrophil recruitment and lung damage in sepsis. However, the mechanism regulating shedding of CD40L from activated platelets is not known. We hypothesized that matrix metalloproteinase-9 might cleave surface expressed CD40L and regulate pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils in sepsis. Methods: Abdominal sepsis was induced by
This acoustofluidics tutorial focuses on continuous flow-based half wavelength resonator systems operated in the transversal mode, where the direction of the primary acoustic force acts in plane with the microchip. The transversal actuation mode facilitates integration with up- and downstream microchannel networks as well as visual control of the acoustic focusing experiment. Applications of parti
This paper presents direct numerical simulation studies of lean CH4/air and H-2/air flames at high Karlovitz numbers utilizing detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. Identical Karlovitz numbers are applied to the two flames; however, as the interaction of high turbulence intensity small scale structures with the reaction zones is considered, a significant difference in the effect of the turbulence
P>Background Acrylates/methacrylates are volatile substances. There might be a gradual decrease in acrylate/methacrylate allergen content over time in patch test preparations but this has not yet been documented. Objectives To determine the allergen content of acrylates/methacrylates in patch test preparations over time under different storage conditions. Methods Five acrylate/methacrylate allerge
Abstract in UndeterminedSporangia, with their in situ cryptospores, spore masses, and a possible axis were identified in marginal marine Ludlovian deposits from Gotland. Sweden by means of light- and scanning electron microscopy.The sporangia identified are elongate, with fragments of the sporangia covering preserved, and contain well-preserved in situ embryophyte cryptospores identified as Laevol
Since the end of the 1990s, the number of fires has increased dramatically in Malmö, a city in the southernmost part of Sweden. Between 1998 and 2009, the increase was 215%, and a large number of the fires were intentional. The aim of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the underlying causes of the spatial and spatio-temporal distribution of intentional fires in Malmö, and to analyse how
To evaluate the risk of urothelial cancer in the upper urinary tract and the bladder, determine the contribution from the different mismatch-repair genes and define clinical characteristics of urothelial cancer in Lynch syndrome.
RATIONALE: Mast cells have important roles in innate immunity and tissue remodeling but have remained poorly studied in inflammatory airway diseases like COPD. OBJECTIVES: To perform a detailed histological characterization of human lung mast cell popu-lations at different severities of COPD, comparing with smoking and never-smoking controls. METHODS: Mast cells were analyzed in lung tissues from
We study left-invariant complex-valued harmonic morphisms from Riemannian Lie groups. We show that in each dimension greater than 3 there exist Riemannian Lie groups that do not have any such solutions.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate frequency, severity, and correlation of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) with motor complications in fluctuating Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: The Multicenter NonMotor Fluctuations in PD cross-sectional study used clinical examination of 10 NMS (dysphagia, anxiety, depression, fatigue, excessive sweating, inner restlessness, pain, concentration/attention, dizziness, bladder urgenc
The major bottlenecks in achieving competitive bioethanol fuel are the high cost of feedstock, energy and enzymes employed in pretreatment prior to fermentation. Lignocellulosic biomass has been proposed as an alternative feedstock, but because of its complexity, economic viability is yet to be realized. Therefore, research around non-conventional feedstocks and deployment of bioconversion approac
The study explores divergent representations and cultural identity in a historically contested landscape. The first form of representations includes politically amended place marketing. It is analysed how public discourse on a city’s development and regeneration articulate inscriptions of local authorities to pursue political-economic agendas. The second form of representations is diaspora’s imagi
