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Lignin, the world's most abundant biopolymer with high aromaticity, has huge potential as a renewable feedstock replacing petroleum for the production of chemicals, fuels and functional materials. The enhanced utilization of lignin would improve the economic viability of existing pulp and paper mills, as well as lignocellulosic biorefineries, where lignin is highly available, but mostly incinerate

Drawing on participatory action research conducted in Sierra Leone, Kosovo and the Philippines, Human Rights in Prisons analyses encounters between rights-based non-governmental organisations and prisons. It explores the previously under-researched perspectives of prison staff and prisoners on their lives and relationships.

Background: It is unknown whether the rate of psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease increases during the diagnostic workup of suspected prostate cancer.Methods: We designed a population-based cohort study including 579 992 men living during 2005-2014 in Skåne, Sweden, according to the Swedish Total Population Register and the Skåne Healthcare Register (SHR). We used the Swedish Cancer R

Prisons inevitably leave their mark on all who pass through their gates. In this article two psychologists reflect on how prisons left their mark during our ethnographic fieldwork in developing countries. Via reflection on our own experiences the article advances thediscussion of the role of emotions in prison ethnographies. The article is based on a meta- analysis of field notes with a focus on e

In speech, the connection between sounds and word meanings is mostly arbitrary. However, among basic concepts of the vocabulary, several words can be shown to exhibit some degree of form–meaning resemblance, a feature labelled vocal iconicity. Vocal iconicity plays a role in first language acquisition and was likely prominent also in pre-historic language. However, an unsolved question is how voca

Background: Patients with wake-up ischemic stroke who have evidence of salvageable tissue on advanced imaging can benefit from intravenous thrombolysis. It is not known whether patients who do not fulfil such imaging criteria might benefit from treatment, but studies indicate that treatment based on non-contrast CT criteria may be safe. Tenecteplase has shown promising results in patients with acu

This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, | GE| and | GM| , using the p¯ p→ μ+μ- reaction at P ¯ ANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which th

Background: Polyphenols are natural compounds with anticarcinogenic properties in cellular and animal models, but epidemiological evidence determining the associations of these compounds with thyroid cancer (TC) is lacking. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between blood concentrations of 36 polyphenols and TC risk in EPIC (the European Prospective Investigation into

Critical Social Theory (CST), in its broadest sense, is a transdisciplinary approach to the social sciences that applies critique to the status quo in order to emancipate humans and the planet from the negative consequences of modernity. The development of CST as a critical theoretical approach to European integration grew through the 1990s, with an increasing concern for understanding and challen

4MOST,1 the 4m Multi-Object spectrographic Survey Telescope, is an upcoming optical, fiber-fed, MOS facility for the VISTA telescope at ESO's Cero Paranal Observatory (Chile). The preliminary design of 4MOST features 2,400 fibers split into a low-resolution (1,600 fibers, 390-900 nm, R > 5; 000) and a high-resolution channel (800 fibers, three arms, ∼20-25 nm coverage each, R > 18; 000) with an Ec

We test for age and metallicity gradients in the Galactic Bulge between the two low extinction windows Baade's window (l = 1°.1 b = -4°.8) and Sagittarius-I (l = 1°.3 b = -2°.7). We derive a metallicity difference of ≤ 0.2 dex between BW and SGR-I window. This corresponds to a metallicity gradient of 1.3 dex kpc-1. This steep gradient is reconcilable with the existence of a short scale length inne

Context. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The Gaia-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale. Aims. We present an unprecedented effort to cre