Purpose: Recent work has shown MRI is able to measure and quantify signals of phospholipid membrane-bound protons associated with myelin in the human brain. This work seeks to develop an improved technique for characterizing this brain ultrashort- (Formula presented.) component in vivo accounting for (Formula presented.) weighting. Methods: Data from ultrashort echo time scans from 16 healthy volu

Following green revolution ideologies, smallholder commercialization is promoted as a pathway to African economic transformation. Nonetheless, polices that incentivize commercial production in Ghana affect migrant groups negatively with respect to land tenure. While some migrants are displaced from rented lands, others offer their labour services in exchange for the right to "freely” intercrop on

Liver transplantation is a highly complex, life-saving, treatment for many patients with advanced liver disease. Liver transplantation requires multidisciplinary teams, system-wide adaptations and significant investment, as well as being an expensive treatment. Several metrics have been proposed to monitor processes and outcomes, however these lack patient focus and do not capture all aspects of t

Background: This meta-analysis investigated the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols compared to conventional care on postoperative outcomes in patients aged 70 years or older undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Five databases were systematically searched. Comparative studies with available individual patient data (IPD) were included. The main outcomes were posto

Snapshot Spectral Imaging enables the acquisition of hyperspectral images (HSI) from 2D projected measurements employing specialized optical systems, such as the Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager (CASSI). Specifically, the CASSI system performs spatio-spectral codification of light obtaining 2D projected measurements. These measurements are then processed by algorithms to obtain the desired

Background: Radiotherapy increases survival in patients with glioblastoma. However, the prescribed dose is limited by unwanted side effects on normal tissue. Previous experimental studies have shown that FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) can reduce these side effects. Still, it is important to establish an equal anti-tumor efficacy comparing FLASH-RT to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). Methods: Fu

Micronutrients and physical stability of milk and cream were evaluated for different heat treatments at dairy production scale (HTST pasteurisation, high pasteurisation, ESL indirect and UHT direct and indirect). Changes caused due to heat treatments for macro and micro components (vitamins and minerals) as well as physical stability were investigated. Results show limited losses in macro componen

Introduction: Magnetic skyrmions hold great promise for realizing compact and stable memory devices that can be manipulated at very low energy costs via electronic current densities. Methods: In this work, we extend a recently introduced method to describe classical skyrmion textures coupled to dynamical itinerant electrons. In this scheme, the electron dynamics is described via nonequilibrium Gre

Given that eco-innovations and the associated renewal of regional economic structures are pivotal in addressing environmental challenges, regional research is increasingly focusing on their spatio-temporal dynamics. While green technological and industrial path developments in specific regions have received considerable attention, little effort has been made to derive general patterns of environme

We propose an observer for rotational dynamics subject to directional and gyroscopic measurements, which simultaneously estimates the gyroscopic biases and attitude rates. We show uniform almost global asymptotic and local exponential stability of the resulting error dynamics, implying robustness against bounded disturbances. This robustness is quantified with respect to a popular nonlinear comple

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behavior and substance use disorders (SUDs) are important public health concerns. Prior suicide attempts and SUDs are two of the most consistent predictors of suicide death, and clarifying the role of SUDs in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death could inform prevention efforts. METHODS: We used national Swedish registry data to identify individuals born 1960-19

Objectives: To determine pre-operative cleft volume and evaluate cleft´s impact on surrounding anatomical structures in children and adolescents with orofacial clefts using cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Methods: The present retrospective study retrieved CBCT examinations of 68 patients from a previous study. The examinations had been exposed either before (n = 53) or after (n = 15)

Rapporten är resultatet av ett tvåårigt samarbetsprojekt mellan Centrum för Näringslivshistoria och Statens maritima och transporthistoriska museer, finansierat av Trafikverkets FoI-medel. Förstudien syftar till att undersöka de väg-, civilflygs- och järnvägshistoriska samlingarnas potential som källa till historisk och annan forskning och som resurs i Trafikverkets planering och verksamhet. Målsä

Rapporten presenterar ett uppdaterad planeringsverktyg för Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), anpassat för en svensk kontext. Planeringsverktyget är tänkt att fungera som ett samverkansstöd för planerare och består av 25 olika parametrar fördelat på 4 olika kategorier; Stadens utformning, Kollektivtrafikens infrastruktur, Fordon och stödsystem samt Trafikering.

Objectives: Depression is increasing and is a leading cause of disease burden among adolescents. Available evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy have modest effects. Aerobic exercise is a hopeful alternative as an augmenter or a stand-alone treatment. Qualitative studies have shown that participants in group exercise for adolescent depression experienced improved mood and a se

The dating of moraine deposits can present challenges to standard geochronological methods; terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN), sediment luminescence and radiocarbon dating may suffer from problems of incomplete resetting (by inheritance, intermittent cover/exposure, transport under unfavourable conditions) and/or a lack of suitable (organic) material. Rock surface luminescence burial dating (RS

Coarse-graining techniques play a central role in reducing the complexity of stochastic models and are typically characterized by a mapping which projects the full state of the system onto a smaller set of variables which captures the essential features of the system. Starting with a continuous-time Markov chain, in this work we propose and analyze an effective dynamics, which approximates the dyn