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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a challenging disease with no drugs available to change the trajectory. It is a condition associated with excessive and highly progressive scarring of the lungs with remodelling and extracellular matrix deposition. It is a highly "destructive" disease of the lungs. The diagnosis of IPF is challenging due to continuous evolution of the disease, which also

Language is a complex semiotic system based on the context-sensitive use of signs, in contrast to the comparatively rigid systems of signals used by other animals, making it a uniquely human bio-cultural adaptation. But equally unique for human beings are other semiotic systems, and their corresponding sociocultural practices, such as (representational) gesture, the use of pictures and music. Cruc

Background: The perspectives of children with life-threatening or life-limiting (LT/LL) conditions have predominantly been conveyed through their parents rather than heard from the children themselves. Despite an increase in studies focusing on children’s perspectives in pediatric palliative care, this research remains limited, particularly in including children who are unable to express themselve

"Nu är det höst! Vårterminen avslutades med den nationella högskolepedagogiska konferensen ”NU 2024”, som gick av stapeln vid Umeå universitet. Strax före midsommar samlades drygt 450 konferensdeltagare – lärare, doktorander, studentrepresentanter, akademiska ledare, pedagogiska utvecklare, IKT-pedagoger, bibliotekarier m.fl. – för att diskutera ”Högre utbildning i och för förändring”. Här fanns e

The last years of turbulence on the market caused by the pandemic and geo-political tensions have led to supply disruptions for many companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate how digital purchasing practices and trust are impacted in the supply chain due to increased turbulence in the environment. This was carried out through an interview study with buyers and sellers in supply chainThe last years of turbulence on the market caused by the pandemic and geo-political tensions have led to supply disruptions for many companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate how digital purchasing practices and trust are impacted in the supply chain due to increased turbulence in the environment. This was carried out through an interview study with buyers and sellers in supply chain

The active participation of scientific trusts, including CISO (Centro Italiano Studi Ornitologici), in applied conservation actions plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges faced by natural and semi-natural landscapes, which are increasingly impacted by improper land-use and land-cover. This is particularly true for those landscapes where Large Infrastructures and Big Events (LIBEs) are p

In 2021, the village Finsjö in Sweden experienced an abnormally large wildfire. During an intervention lasting for 6 days, Fire and Rescue Services [FRS] received spontaneous help from volunteers, leading to valuable contributions but also questions regarding how to address division of responsibilities. Through qualitative interviews with the FRS, this study explores the interaction between formal

In order to design an Oxygen Reduction System (ORS) the most important parameter is the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC). Currently there are a couple of different small scale test methods used to determine the LOC for specific materials. In small scale tests an external heat flux is applied, to account for parameters such as geometry that otherwise cannot be replicated, theoretically arriving

In the 20th century, the scientific community recognized global climate change as a preeminent challenge facing our planet. The primary driver of this predicament was identified as the substantial reliance on fossil fuels, constituting approximately 80% of the world's energy consumption. The combustion of these fossil fuels, particularly those rich in carbon, led to the emission of greenhouse gase

This paper presents findings from a qualitative study on tourist vulnerability in wildfire scenarios considering the perspectives of tourist infrastructure owners/managers, fire and rescue service, municipality managers, researchers, and other emergency managers in Spain-France border regions. Through a thematic analysis of twenty survey responses, this study presents the critical factors influenc

The intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis is well known for its remarkable variety of locally adapted populations. A unique L. saxatilis habitat is represented by the sheltered rocky environment found in the natural coastal lagoon of the Cíes Islands (NW Spain). The present-day characteristics of this habitat are relatively recent (~ 70–150 years), some of these have been human induced. In this stu

The theory of evolution is one of the greatest scientific achievements in the intellectual history of humankind, yet it is still contentious within certain social groups. Despite being as robust and evidence-based as any other notable scientific theory, some people show a strong reluctance to accept it. In this study, we used the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) and Knowledg

Two sympatric ecotypes ('crab' and 'wave') of Littorina saxatilis are adapted to different microhabitats. It has been claimed, based on the comparison of proteomic differentiation across ontogeny, that the wave ecotype may have evolved by paedomorphosis from an ancestor more similar to the crab ecotype. Here, we test the paedomorphosis hypothesis at a morphological level by comparing crab and wave

Colour polymorphism is a widespread phenomenon in natural populations of several species. In particular, it is especially common on marine gastropod species from the genus Littorina. Recently, it has been argued that intrapopulation shell colour polymorphism in Littorina fabalis could be caused by negative frequency-dependent sexual selection via a mechanism of mate choice (indirectly estimated th

This work focuses on the need for modeling and predicting adverse outcomes in immunotoxicology to improve nonclinical assessments of the safety of immunomodulatory therapies. The integrated approach includes, first, the adverse outcome pathway concept established in the toxicology field, and, second, the systems medicine disease map approach for describing molecular mechanisms involved in a partic

In this paper, we analyze the debate between the Modern Synthesis and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis in light of the concept of incommensurability developed by Thomas Kuhn. In order to do so, first we briefly present both the Modern Synthesis and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis. Then, we clarify the meaning and interpretations of incommensurability throughout Kuhn’s works, concluding that

Marine gastropods are characterized by an incredible variation in shell color. In this review, we aim to introduce researchers to previous studies of shell color polymorphism in this group of animals, trying to provide an overview of the topic and highlighting some potential avenues for future research. For this, we tackle the different aspects of shell color polymorphism in marine gastropods: its

The nexus of climate policy and “competitiveness”—how to transition to clean energy while ensuring a competitive economy—is a concern on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States and the European Union, there has been an attempt to resolve the issue by turning towards green industrial policy and subsidies for low-carbon production, sparking a debate on the merits and risks of a ‘subsidy rac

The evolution and maintenance of color clines is a classic topic of research in evolutionary ecology. However, studies analyzing the temporal dynamics of such clines are much less frequent, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable data about past color distributions along environmental gradients. In this article, we describe a case of decades-long temporal stability and directional change in a

How colour polymorphisms are maintained in natural populations constitutes a key subject of study for evolutionary ecologists. One of the mechanisms that has been put forward to explain this phenomenon is negative frequency-dependent selection, which can be caused by different mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is mate choice, or the selection as a potential mate of the rare or dissimilar colour m