We study the possibility that the Milky Ways' cool stellar disk includes mergers with ancient stars. Galaxies are understood to form in a hierarchical manner, where smaller (proto-)galaxies merge into larger ones. Stars in galaxies, like the Milky Way, contain in their motions and elemental abundance tracers of past events and can be used to disentangle merger remnants from stars that formed in th

Recent years have witnessed major changes to the workplace across Europe. The speed of these changes requires constant monitoring and reappraisal. In this book, recent trends are analyzed and their consequences discussed, within a socio-historical context which also reveals underlying patterns of continuity. The trends analyzed include: the presence of high rates of endemic unemployment and undere

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG expansions in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Modelling Huntington's disease is challenging, as rodent and cellular models poorly recapitulate the disease as seen in aging humans. To address this, we generated induced neurons (iNs) through direct reprogramming of human skin fibroblasts, which retain age-dependent epigenetic charact

Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the most debilitating eye-related illnesses worldwide. Eye-movement training is evolving to be a non-invasive, rapid, and effective method that is positively impacting vision and QoL (quality of life) in patients suffering from ARMD. This review aims to highlight why a greater adoption of eye-movement training in the clinical and research setting i

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide and its burden is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, many of which are unable to face the challenges it imposes. In this Health Policy paper on primary stroke prevention, we provide an overview of the current situation regarding primary prevention services, estimate the cost o

Early March 2022 saw the fifth United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) in Nairobi, Kenya. The UNEA is the highest-level international decision-making body on the environment, gathering delegates from 175 UN member countries to set shared goals and coordinate policy on global environmental issues. In a remarkable achievement, governments agreed at UNEA on a resolution to launch negotiations on a

Background: The neurobiological origins of the early and predominant behavioral changes seen in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer’s disease (bvAD) remain unclear. A selective loss of Von Economo neurons (VENs) and phylogenetically related neurons have been observed in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and several psychiatric diseases. Here, we assessed whether these specific neu

For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of non-traumatic brachial plexus (BP) lesions, sequences with contrast injection should be considered in the differentiation between tumors, infection, postoperative conditions, and post-radiation changes. The most common non-traumatic inflammatory BP neuropathy is radiation neuropathy. T2-weighted images may help to distinguish neoplastic infiltration showing

Flat plate solar collectors (FPSCs) are the most often used as solar collectors due to their easiness of installation and usage. The current research investigates the energy efficiency of FPSC using different mass concentration with varied base fluids containing Graphene nanofluids (T-Gr). Mass concentration of 0.1%-wt., 0.075%-wt., 0.050%-wt. and 0.025%-wt. were mixed with ethylene glycol (EG) an

Around 90% of the energy requirement for urban water systems management is for heating domestic tap water. In addition, the energy content of wastewater is mainly in the form of heat (85%). Hence, there is an obvious interest in recovering a large portion of this heat. However, city-wide scenario analyses that evaluate heat recovery at various locations while considering impacts on wastewater trea

University-industry collaboration now extends beyond traditional intermediary structures and logics, enabled by more contemporary virtual networks and digital formats. This however poses new strategic and operational challenges for effective and responsive knowledge transfer. The purpose of this paper is to compare traditional models of knowledge transfer intermediaries in university-industry coll

Within a broader definition of design, as the conception and planning of everything that is artificial, the place of tools is central. With the help of cognitive semiotics in general and Donald’s theory of the evolution of the human mind in particular, we propose a stage model for the evolution of design, consisting of four stages: Proto-design, Simple design, Complex design, and Advanced design,

Vid titthålskirurgi, så kallad endoskopi, används ofta spolvätskor för att vidga och skölja rent operationsfältet. I kontakt med kroppens vävnader finns det då risk att vätskan absorberas d.v.s. tas upp i kroppen. Vid skrapning av prostatan eller livmodern är det vanligt att 9 respektive 15 liter spolvätska används. Om ojordad elektrisk bränning används måste spolvätskan vara saltfri då den annars

Background: We studied whether nitrous oxide (N(2)O) added to a fluid allows the infused volume to be quantified by measuring N(2)O in the expired air during normal breathing. If so, N(2)O might serve as a tracer of fluid absorption during endoscopic surgery.Methods: Twelve male volunteers received continuous and intermittent i.v. infusions (5-45 min) of fluid containing 40 ml litre(-1) of N(2)O.

Following the levels of intentionality and semiosis distinguished by the Semiotic Hierarchy (a layered model of semiosis/intentionality), and the distinction between original agency (without the use of artefacts) and enhanced agency (the prosthetic incorporation of artefacts), we propose a model of an agency hierarchy, consisting of six layers. Consistent with the phenomenological orientation of c

Background: The fluid absorption that occurs during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can be indicated and quantified by the ethanol method. Recently, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) was tested in animals and volunteers and seemed to be more accurate and safe. The present study compared these two methods in surgical patients.Methods: Eighty-six TURPs were performed at two hospitals using an irr

BACKGROUND: Historically, a reduced serum sodium concentration has been used to diagnose absorption of electrolyte-free irrigating fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In bipolar TURP, the irrigating solution contains electrolytes, thus invalidating the serum sodium method. In this study, we investigated whether glucose can be used to diagnose the absorption of irrigating f