Bats are unique among extant flying animals, as they have compliant wings and an echolocation sensory system that distinguish them from birds and insects. Flying in the dark, guided by echolocation, has influenced the aerodynamics of bat flight perhaps more than previously realized and resulted in a characteristic flight that is now being revealed.

After stroke, brain inflammation in the ischemic hemisphere hampers brain tissue reorganization and functional recovery. Housing rats in an enriched environment (EE) dramatically improves recovery of lost neurologic functions after experimental stroke. We show here that rats housed in EE after stroke induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO), showed attenuated levels of

Complex computational experiments in Systems Biology, such as fitting model parameters to experimental data, can be challenging to perform. Not only do they frequently require a high level of computational power, but the software needed to run the experiment needs to be usable by scientists with varying levels of computational expertise, and modellers need to be able to obtain up-to-date experimen

Prevention of iron deficiency in infancy may promote neurodevelopment. Delayed umbilical cord clamping (CC) prevents iron deficiency at 4 to 6 months of age, but long-term effects after 12 months of age have not been reported.

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of flow and heat transfer char teristics in rectangular cross-section ribbed channels with continuous transverse ribs with large pitch-to-height ratios. Five ribs are regularly placed on the bottom wall of the channels with varied rib pitch-to-height ratios ranging from 10 to 30. The channel inlet Reynolds number ranges from 57,000 to 127,000

Background Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register, is the world's longest-running national stroke quality register (established in 1994) and includes all 76 hospitals in Sweden admitting acute stroke patients. The development and maintenance of this sustainable national register is described. Methods Riks-Stroke includes information on the quality of care during the acute phase, rehabilitation a

Lung transplantation is limited by a scarcity of suitable donors resulting in high waiting list mortality. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) allows the evaluation and reconditioning of marginal donor lungs for use in transplantation. This study aimed to compare clinical outcome of patients transplanted with marginal organs by means of EVLP with a standard lung transplant cohort through a multicenter o

The increasing demand for pulmonary retransplantation (re-LTx) raises ethical issues on the correct allocation of the scarce donor pool. Thus, we performed a thorough review of the current results for re-LTx in the Nordic countries.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulate the reproductive axis. Their analogs have been found to influence gastrointestinal activity and enteric neuronal survival. The aims of the study were to investigate expression and cellular distribution of GnRH, LH, and FSH and their receptors in human and rat gastrointestinal tract.

According to Polarity Theory, human worldviews are structured by a polarity between Humanism, which glorifies humanity, portraying human beings and their experiences as intrinsically valuable, and Normativism, which portrays human beings as able to realize themselves and attain value only in relation to external norms and ideals. Previous research has suggested that humanism and normativism are, c

The literature on transnational civil society tends to treat civil society organizations CSOs) as independent actors, accomplishing policy change largely through moral force or popular pressure. However, a significant portion of CSO successes in policy advocacy actually utilizes alliances with state actors. To understand the implications of this ‘state channel’ of CSO influence, we develop a new m

This study explores the concept of pasture, looking at how people classify it and the features that determine how an image is classified. The analysis is based on two parallel studies that used the same image material. The first study was a web-based survey in which respondents were asked to make a pairwise comparison of the images they felt best corresponded to pasture. The second study used eye-

We report four previously undescribed families with germline BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene (BAP1) mutations and expand the clinical phenotype of this tumor syndrome. The tumor spectrum in these families is predominantly uveal malignant melanoma (UMM), cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and mesothelioma, as previously reported for germline BAP1 mutations. However, mutation carriers from three new

The influence of surface micro topography of CVD α-Al2O3 coatings, deposited on cemented carbide inserts, on tribological characteristics in sliding contact and in metal cutting has been investigated using quenched and tempered steel as counter/work material. Pin-on-disc and turning tests were carried out and post-test characterization using 3D optical surface profilometry and scanning electron mi

The impact of climate and emissions changes on the deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) over Europe was studied using four offline regional chemistry transport models (CTMs) driven by the same global projection of future climate over the period 2000-2050. Anthropogenic emissions for the years 2005 and 2050 were used for simulations of both present and future periods in order to isolate the impact

Reefs developed simultaneously during the latest Sandbian/earliest Katian global Guttenberg Isotopic Carbon Excursion (GICE) in several places across Baltoscandia. Latest Sandbian/earliest Katian patch reefs are also described from the Vasalemma Formation of northern Estonia. The Saku Member of the Vasalemma Formation was previously considered as a proximal facies related to the reefs. However, th

This article analyses household-based food transfers as an expression of multi-local livelihoods. Transfers of maize outside the co-resident household unit are analysed on the basis of data from 2857 smallholder households across nine African countries. The study complements a growing interest in the role of food transfers for urban food security, through considering the food security implications