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Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar frågan om vad man i Sverige brukar kalla "människovärde". Denna fråga belyses genom en analys av begreppen "livets helgd" och "livskvalitet" som i den anglo-saxiska debatten har kommit att symbolisera två helt olika sätt att tolka det mänskliga livet värde. Tanken om livets helgd brukar anföras av dem som tror att livets värde är inneboende och iThe principles of sanctity of life and quality of life are often appealed to in medical decisions at the "edges of life." Notwithstanding their importance in bioethics, these principles are still badly understood. This study is an attempt to clarify their normative significance and content. Because these principles pertain to the more general question of the value of life, the study begins by exp

The fractional volume of capillary blood, i.e. the perfusion fraction f, was measured with the aid of an echo-planar imaging protocol originally designed for the measurement of water diffusion. In healthy volunteers, reasonable f values were obtained. In patients with cerebral ischaemic stroke, a marked decrease in the f value was seen in the infarcted region as compared with corresponding values

An extended Keldysh formalism, well suited to properly take into account the initial correlations, is used in order to deal with the time-dependent current response of a resonant tunneling system. We use a partition-free approach by Cini in which the whole system is in equilibrium before an external bias is switched on. No fictitious partitions are used. Despite a more involved formulation, this p

Simulated moving bed (SMB) technology is a continuous chromatographic technique proven to have many advantages compared to conventional batch chromatography, such as: raised productivity and product concentration, reduced buffer consumption as well as more efficient use of raw material. In this study a 20 column SMB process for the separation of lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin from whey protein co

Three-dimensional boundary finding based on Fourier surface optimization is presented as a method for segmentation of SPECT images. Being robust against noise and adjustable with respect to its detail resolution, it forms an interesting alternative in this application area. A three-dimensional approach can also be assumed to increase the possibility of delineating low contrast regions, as compared

Today, the optimization of chromatographic separation is usually based on experimental work and rule of thumb. The process and analytical technology (PAT) initiative, of the US Food and Drug Administration, has provided the opportunity of using model-based approach when designing downstream processing of pharmaceutical substances. A nonlinear chromatography model was used in this study to optimize

Landfilling in "cells" has become more common in recent years. Different waste streams are guided to different cells, among which the biocell is a landfill designed for biogas production. In this thesis, the dependence of biogas generation on waste composition was investigated. Six 8,000 m3 test cells, with contents ranging from mainly commercial waste to pure domestic waste and equipped with gas

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The future 3 GeV MAX-IV storage ring at MAX-Lab will be a low emittance storage ring for the production of synchrotron radiation. The vertical aperture in the straight sections, as well as in the bends, of the storage rings will be small. It is foreseen to use, among other insertion devices, superconducting cold bore short period undulators as insertion devices in order to obtain undulator radiati

A general formula is derived for the finite volume dependence of vacuum expectation values analogous to Luscher's formula for the masses. The result involves no integrals over kinematic quantities and depends only on the matrix element between pions at zero momentum transfer thus presenting a new way to calculate the latter, i.e. pion sigma terms. The full order p(6) correction to the vacuum conde

Results from therapeutic trials in systemic radiation therapy with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies are difficult to compare, because of lack of accurate dosimetry. This applies macroscopically as well as microscopically for both tumours and normal tissues. For treatment planning in radioimmunotherapy both the macroscopic and the microscopic absorbed dose distribution must be known. The former