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For women and children, especially those who are poor and disadvantaged, to benefit from primary health care, they need to access and use cost-effective interventions for maternal, newborn, and child health. The challenge facing weak health systems is how to deliver such packages. Experiences from countries such as Iran, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and China, and from projects in countries like Tanzania

Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. To evaluate the reliability of computed tomography (CT) with low radiation dose in the assessment of implant status in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of Background Data. The use of all-pedicle screw construct in scoliosis corrective surgery continues to gain increasing popularity since their introduction 1994 although th

In recent years there have been some rather successful applications of a new variational technique for calculating the total energies of electronic systems. The new method is based on many-body perturbation theory and uses the one-electron Green function as the basic "variable" rather than the wave function of traditional variational calculations. It is the purpose of the present work to promote t

Obiectives: Ventricular septal rupture is a rare but feared complication after acute myocardial infarction. Most reports about outcome after surgical treatment are single center experiences. We investigated the results after surgical repair in all patients in Sweden during a 7-year period. Methods: All patients undergoing surgical repair 1992-1998 were identified with the aid of the Swedish Heart

Background and Aims: The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) generates key molecules regulating cell growth. Animal cancer studies support an inhibitory role for this pathway in the malignant transformation of the colonic mucosa. The activity of a specific intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase), which hydrolyzes SM, is reduced in colorectal tumors. In this study we measured alkaline SMase activ

For recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ethanol yield and productivity is substantially lower on xylose than on glucose. In contrast to glucose, xylose is a novel substrate for S. cerevisiae and it is not known how this substrate is recognized on a molecular level. Failure to activate appropriate genes during xylose-utilization has the potential to result in sub-optimal metaboli

The phase behavior of water/n-octane/n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (C(8)G(1))/1-octanol (C8E0) permits formulating temperature-insensitive microemulsions spanning the whole water-oil composition range. The types of microstructures formed along the trajectory of the middle-phase microemulsion are examined by NMR diffusometry, yielding the respective diffusion coefficients of all the components. Th

Abstract in UndeterminedThree different inverse problems for the Schrodinger operator on a metric tree are considered, so far with standard boundary conditions at the vertices. These inverse problems are connected with the matrix Titchmarsh-Weyl function, response operator ( dynamic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map) and scattering matrix. Our approach is based on the boundary control ( BC) method and in p

Cosmological long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are thought to originate from the core collapse to black holes (BHs) of stripped massive stars. Those with sufficient rotation form a centrifugally supported torus whose collapse powers the GRB. We investigate the role of tidal locking within a tight binary as a source of the necessary angular momentum. We find that the binary orbit must be no wi

The seasonal decline in reproductive success observed in many animal species may be caused by timing per se (timing hypothesis) or by variation in phenotypic quality between early and late breeding females (quality hypothesis). To distinguish between these two hypotheses, several studies of birds have used clutch removal experiments to manipulate breeding date. However; removal experiments also in

The static (parallel-plate thermal-gradient) diffusion chamber (SDC) was one of the first instruments designed to measure cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations as a function of supersaturation. It has probably also been the most widely used type of CCN counter. This paper describes the detailed experimental characterization of a SDC CCN counter, including calibration with respect to super

We used an enrichment technique to isolate 18 novel di and tri microsatellites for the socially monogamous lizard Tiliqua rugosa. These loci were amplified in conjunction with previously described loci in two and three PCR multiplexes for T. rugosa and the endangered T. adelaidensis, respectively. The loci were highly polymorphic in both species, exhibiting between 2 and 32 alleles with observed h

The eight-twenty-one (ETO) homologues, represented by ETO, myeloid transforming gene-related protein 1 (MTGR1) and myeloid transforming gene chromosome 16 (MTG16), are nuclear repressor proteins. ETO is part of the fusion protein acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)1-ETO, resulting from the translocation (8;21). Similarly, MTG16 is disrupted to become part of AML1/MTG16 in t(16;21). The aberrant expressi

This article examines the institution of retirement on some estates in Scania, the southernmost part of Sweden, in the nineteenth century. It is obvious that tenant farmers on the estates were practising the same retirement system as was customary among freeholders, that is they were entering into retirement contracts with their offspring or with a non-relative, making over the farm in exchange fo

We investigated the development of a heterotrophic plankton food web with or without phytoplankton primary production in a long-term (>1 yr) laboratory experiment. Water from 3 Swedish lakes (humic, oligotrophic clearwater, eutrophic) was exposed to low light or kept in total darkness in triplicate 100 1 cylinders. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, bacterial growth and biomass of protozoans

Mixed catanionic surfactant systems based on amino acids were investigated with respect to the formation of liquid crystal dispersions and the stability of the dispersions. The surfactants used were arginine-N-lauroyl amide dihydrochloride ( ALA) and NR-lauroyl-arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride ( LAM), which are arginine-based cationic surfactants; sodium hydrogenated tallow glutamate ( HS), a g

Huntington disease (HD) is an adult onset, neurodegenerative disorder that results from CAG expansion in the HD gene. Recent work has demonstrated testicular degeneration in mouse models of HD and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in HD patients. Here, we show that HD patients have specific testicular pathology with reduced numbers of germ cells and abnormal seminiferous