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Case Study Analysis – SWEDEN : HTR Task Users TCP by IEA

This report was developed under the ‘Users Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Task on Hard-to-Reach (HTR) Energy Users’. The Task aims to provide country participants with the opportunity to share and exchange successful approaches identifying and better engaging HTR energy users. Under the Task, HTR energy users are broadly defined as 'any energy use

Intergroup Threat and Affective Polarization in a Multi-Party System

What explains affective polarization among voters and societal groups? Much of the existing literature focusing on mass political polarization in modern democracies originates in the US, where studies have shown that, while ideological separation has grown, political conflict increasingly reflects social identity divisions rather than policy disagreements, resulting in affective polarization. We f

The Politics of Legislative Debates : An Introduction

The contribution of this chapter to our volume is fourfold. First, we look at why we should study legislative debates and how scholars may benefit from representation, legislative politics, party politics, and electoral studies by incorporating debates in their analysis. In so doing, we unpack their functions in liberal democracies. Second, the chapter offers a state of the art of the burgeoning f

Sweden : Biased Debate Participation with Nearly Equal Gender Representation

The Swedish Riksdag is often regarded as an ideal type for Scandinavian or Nordic parliamentarism. This relates to institutional features and party cohesion, but more often so to descriptive representation in terms of gender—an aspect where Sweden's parliament has consistently occupied the top position among European parliaments during the last decades. However, and despite an unlikely-case-char