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BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) require expression of transcription factor genes POU5F1 (POU class 5 homeobox 1), NANOG (Nanog homeobox), and SOX2 [SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2] to maintain their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Because of the heterogeneous nature of cell populations, it is desirable to study the gene regulation in single cells. Large and potentia
In order to determine the occurrence and frequency of resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni and to establish baseline MICs in isolates from an environmental reservoir, the resistance profiles of 10 antimicrobial substances were determined for 137 C. jejuni isolates from wild birds in Sweden. Observed MICs were generally low, with only low to moderate incidence of resistance to th
In the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol, the cost of the raw material and the cost of the enzymes have been identified as the major costs for the product. In addition, many lignocellulosic materials contain considerable amounts of five-carbon sugars which are not easily fermented to ethanol. The possibility of improving the cost-intensive steps was investigated. The steam pre
A detailed analysis of the reaction mechanism of the reactive hydride composite (RHC) MgH2 + 2LiBH(4) <-> MgB2 + 2LiH + 4H(2) was performed using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HP-DSC) measurements and in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements along with kinetic investigations using a Sievert-type apparatus. For the desorption the following two-step reaction
Currently much attention is focused on glutathione S transferase (GST)-induced suppression of apoptosis. The objective of our studies was therefore to see if GST isoenzymes rescue photoreceptors in retinal explants from rd1/rd1 mice, in which photoreceptors degenerate rapidly. Eyes from C3H rd1/rd1 and +/+ mice were collected at various time points between postnatal day (PN) 2 and PN28. Localizati
An ab initio coupled cluster investigation of the electric field gradient induced birefringence of three dipolar linear molecules—CO, N2O, and OCS—is presented. Special emphasis is given to the effect of triple excitations in the cluster operator on the so-called effective quadrupole center as well as to the accurate determination of the molecular electric quadrupole moment relative to this origin
This study shows signicant effects of protein surface charges on stability and these effects are not eliminated by salt screening. The stability for a variant of protein G B1 domain was studied in the pH-range of 1.5-11 at low, 0.15 M, and 2 M salt. The variant has three mutations, T2Q, N8D, and N37D, to guarantee an intact covalent chain at all pH values. The stability of the protein shows distin
Promoter methylation is a common phenomenon in tumours, including haematological malignancies. In the present study, we investigated 36 cases of high hyperdiploid (> 50 chromosomes) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with methylation-specific multiplex ligase-dependent probe amplification to determine the extent of aberrant methylation in this subgroup. The analysis, which comprised the promoters
Objective. To examine, in an inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the association between neuropsychiatric (NP) events and anti-ribosomal P (anti-P), antiphospholipid (lupus anticoagulant [LAC], anticardiolipin), anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I, and anti-NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies. Methods. NP events were identified using the American College of Rheumatology case defi
Individual attitudes to distributions of life years between two groups in a society are explored by means of an experiment. Subjects are asked to place themselves behind a veil of ignorance which is specified in terms of risk (known probabilities) for some subjects and in terms of uncertainty (unknown probabilities) for some subjects. The latter is argued to be the appropriate interpretation of Ra
The FUS gene at 16p11 fuses with DDIT3 and ATF1 as the result of translocations with chromosome band 12q13 in myxoid liposarcoma and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, respectively, and with ERG as the result of a t(16;21)(p11;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia. We here show that a t(7;16)(q33;p11) in two cases of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma fuses the FUS gene to BBF2H7, a previously uncharacterized
Lakes and ponds are habitats of great human importance as they provide water for domestic, industrial and agricultural use as well as providing food. In spite of their fundamental importance to humans, freshwater systems have been severely affected by a multitude of anthropogenic disturbances, which have led to serious negative effects on the structure and function of these ecosystems. The aim of
The development of an efficient asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,6-dibromodiene afforded a chiral biselectrophilic diol that displayed highly useful reactivity in water, as demonstrated by a three-step, two-pot asymmetric synthesis of a highly functionalized tetrahydrofuran.
The karyotypes (number, morphology and size of the chromosomes) of two algae species of Scenedesmus genus, S. incrassatulus and S. antennatus, were studied. The karyotype of S. incrassatulus (n=4) was asymmetric, characterized by two large metacentric, one large submetacentric and one small metacentric chromosomes. The karyotype assembly of S. antennatus (n=6) reveals two metacentrics and four sub
Software release planning can be described as a process consisting of the following three phases: (i) strategic release planning, i.e., the assignment of features to subsequent releases; (ii) operational release planning, i.e., the allocation of resources to tasks within each individual release; and (iii) dynamic re-planning, i.e., the revision of plans in order to handle unexpected changes impose
BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors for metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma govern decisions regarding adjuvant treatment. However, the significance of initial tumor-related prognostic factors over time is largely unknown.METHODS: The current study included 338 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the extremities or the trunk wall whose tumors were reviewed by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Pa
Modern industrial customers, such as pulp and paper industries, have increased the vulnerability to power quality problems. A voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission has the potential to offer high power quality when transmitting large amount of power. Therefore, in this paper, a VSC-HVDC transmission is proposed to supply such industrial plants in order
