Low rate codes can be used to achieve coding gain in spread spectrum applications such as direct-sequence code division multiple access. Super-orthogonal- and maximum free distance convolutional codes as well as super-orthogonal turbo codes have previously been reported to be suitable for such systems. We focus on the design of component codes for low rate turbo coding schemes targeting the frame-

In every gathered group of people, one person will be appointed the leadership. The choice of leader will be mutual and based on that this person has the most appropriate and trained talent for leadership and is best prepared for the task. Ultimately there should be a team of leaders that support each other and co operate in the leadership, or take turns. Leadership is dependent on the human facto

Popular Abstract in Swedish En avgörande skillnad mellan encelliga organismer såsom bakterier och multicellulära som oss själva är behovet av kommunikation och samarbete mellan cellerna. Redan under fosterstadiet måste cellerna meddela sig med varandra avseende var de skall ta vägen och vilka uppgifter var och en skall åta sig. Exempelvis måste en cell fortlöpande få information om huruvida den skThe pro-inflammatory effect of leukotrienes is an important element in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A serious concern for IBD patients is the increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and since there seems to be a general connection between inflammation and cancer we hypothesised that LTD4 induced signalling events could be in

The acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 1,4,5,8-tetramethylnaphthalene was used to determine the acidity of media used for EPR spectral studies of radical cations. The radical cations of methyl-substituted naphthalenes were shown to undergo dimerization reactions. The apparent persistency of the radical cation of hexamethylbenzene was due to the slow oxidation when thallium(III) trifluoroacetate was

Popular Abstract in Swedish Smärta kan betraktas som en varningssignal för annalkande eller redan inträffad vävnadsskada och har därigenom en uppenbar skyddsfunktion. Förmågan att genom snabba förändringar av pågående motorik avvärja en skadlig stimulering återfinns både hos människa och hos mer enkelt uppbyggda organismer långt ned på den fylogenetiska stegen. Den snabba bortdragning av handen soThe adult organization and postnatal development of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR) of single hindlimb muscles were examined in decerebrate spinal rats using electromyography. In adult rats, NWR were found to perform highly organized sensorimotor transformations, with single muscles receiving excitatory cutaneous input from specific receptive fields (RF) whose distribution of sensitivity

A Swedish LGBT-history from the stone age until now. Suited as a textbook on the ground level.

Christopher Polhem (1661-1751), called the father of Swedish mechanics, is the most famous figure in Swedish history of technology and our nation's foremost inventor ever. Remarkably enough, a close survey in a monograph has never been written on this inventor who in many ways initiated the technical and industrial development of Sweden. In this project will Polhem for the first time get a broad a

Abstract not available

This dissertation explores how the school subject Swedish is constructed for various groups of upper secondary school students and how the meeting between teacher and pupils is embodied in a range of Swedish subjects. The overall aim of the study is to illustrate why the teaching of Swedish in the classes under investigation takes place the way it does, as well as to discuss possible changes on a

A virtual reality (VR) experiment with 96 participants was carried out in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) laboratory at Lund University to provide recommendations on the design of flashing lights at emergency exit portals for road tunnel emergency evacuation. A set of variables were investigated, namely 1) Colour of flashing lights, 2) Flashing rate, 3) The type of light source, 4) The

If you want to become “teacher of the year“ - how do you do? The easy answer is to get yourself a group of “students of the year“! But, if you don't have that – how do you help your average students to become “students of the year“? In order to do that we must be active and take pedagogical leadership. In this roundtable we want to discuss questions like: • How can we stimulate the students’ inter

Antenna matching is improved with adaptive 0.35 μm CMOS circuits based on switched shunt capacitors arranged in capacitor banks and external series inductors. The simulated circuits are optimized for the ISM 2.4 GHz band. The circuits provide a VSWR ⩽ 2 match for every impedance with VSWR ⩽ 5. There is a 1 dB power loss for a perfect 50 Ω → 50 Ω transformation, a break-even point at VSWR = 1.5, an

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the role of value uncertainty and value instability in decision-making that concerns morally controversial issues. Value uncertainty and value instability are distinguished from moral uncertainty, and several types of value uncertainty and value instability are defined and discussed. The relations between value uncertainty and value instability are explored,

Abstract is not available.

There is an increased interest in the microbial production of lactic acid as a raw material for the synthesis of lactic acid polymers as biodegradable plastics. However, two factors limit the economical competitiveness of lactic acid production by microorganisms: lactic acid inhibition, which decreases both fermentation rate and the maximum lactic acid concentration, and the efficiency in the reco