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Introduction Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. An instrument for measuring different aspects of breathlessness was recently developed, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). This study aimed to validate the MDP in terms of the underlying factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity in Swedish outpatients with cardiore

Wood is a hygroscopic material that absorbs and desorbs water to equilibrate to the ambient climate. Within material science, the moisture range from 0 to about 95-98% relative humidity is generally called the hygroscopic moisture range, while the exceeding moisture range is called the over-hygroscopic moisture range. For wood, the dominating mechanisms of moisture sorption are different in these

Floods are natural hazards with serious impact on many aspects of human life. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that climate change already has significant impact on magnitude and frequency of flood events worldwide. Thus, it is suggested to adopt strategies to manage damage impacts of climate change. For this, involving the local community in the decision-making proces

In this study, we investigate how prosodic cues are used when an overt pronoun is associated with either a subject or an object antecedent in Italian and in Swedish. To address this question, 28 Italian speakers and 28 Swedish speakers completed a production task, by reading out loud globally-ambiguous sentences containing overt pronouns and a control interpretation task, where they selected eithe

Précis: A correct diagnosis of glaucoma established at initial visits. Purpose: It has been suggested that a diagnosis of glaucoma cannot be certain until progression has been demonstrated. Our aim was to evaluate the correctness of a glaucoma diagnosis established after 2 initial visits. Patients and Methods: Patients included in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) who had continued follow-u

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highl

This experiment was designed to investigate how children cope with salient online advertising while engaging in task-oriented website interaction. 57 children in 3rd grade (9-year-olds) participated in the experiment. Each participant was introduced to a mock-up website and was instructed to solve two types of online tasks: reading for comprehension and information search. The web pages used by th

The evolution of the widely-used PYTHIA particle physics event generator is outlined, from the early days to the current status and plans. The key decisions and the development of the major physics components are put in context.

Surveys have shown that super-Earth and Neptune-mass exoplanets are more frequent than gas giants around low-mass stars, as predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. We report the discovery of a giant planet around the very-low-mass star GJ 3512, as determined by optical and near-infrared radial-velocity observations. The planet has a minimum mass of 0.46 Jupiter masses, very hig

Ammonia (NH3), which can be a hydrogen carrier, is a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the future carbon-free economy. In situ techniques feasible for the remote and non-intrusive detection of NH3 will provide strong support for developing clean NH3 combustion. Here, we demonstrated a femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (fs-TPLIF) technique for interference-free in situ NH3 me

As a model problem for clustering, we consider the densest k-disjoint-clique problem of partitioning a weighted complete graph into k disjoint subgraphs such that the sum of the densities of these subgraphs is maximized. We establish that such subgraphs can be recovered from the solution of a particular semidefinite relaxation with high probability if the input graph is sampled from a distribution