The cortico-basal ganglia system is instrumental in the construction of movement, through its involvement in aspects such as action selection, initiation/termination and sequencing, though the precise role of the different structures and how they collaborate on a network level to allow us to fluidly change from one behavior to another has long proven to be elusive.We have here recorded neuronal acti

Background: Will being a caregiver further impact the health of a group already at risk of adverse health due to old age? This study aimed to answer the questions whether short- and long-term healthcare consumption and mortality differ between informal caregivers and non-caregivers and between high-burden and low-burden informal caregivers. Method: The study population consisted of 423 caregivers

Objectives: Previous large studies of contrast-induced or post-contrast acute kidney injury (CI-AKI/PC-AKI) have been observational, and mostly retrospective, often with patients undergoing non-enhanced CT as controls. This carries risk of inclusion bias that makes the true incidence of PC-AKI hard to interpret. Our aim was to determine the incidence of PC-AKI in a large, randomly selected cohort,

We present stellar age distributions of the Milky Way bulge region using ages for ∼6000 high-luminosity (log(g)< 2.0), metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≥ -0.5) bulge stars observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment. Ages are derived using The Cannon label-transfer method, trained on a sample of nearby luminous giants with precise parallaxes for which we obtain ages using a Bayesian i

Introduction: The benefits of simulation-based medical training are well described. The most effective way to plant and scale simulation training in rural locations remains undescribed. We sought to plant simulation training programmes for anaesthesia emergencies in two rural Indian hospitals. Methods: Two Indian consultant anaesthetists without experience in medical simulation underwent a 3-day c

Objectives Pregnancy complications are common contributors to perinatal mortality and morbidity. Still, the cause(s) of gestational hypertensive disorders and diabetes are largely unknown. Some occupational exposures have been inconsistently associated with pregnancy complications, but exposure to whole-body vibrations (WBV) has been largely overlooked even though it has been associated with adver

Reciprocating compressors hold great promise for enhanced efficiency across a wide variety of microscale and macroscale systems. This article investigates the potential of isothermal compression strategies by introducing two modeling approaches for the time-dependent analysis of reciprocating compressors. First, a thermodynamic model is developed based on conservation of mass and energy for a cran

From a mutagenized oat population, produced by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, hulled grains from 17 lines with elevated avenanthramide (AVN) content were selected and their AVN structures, concentrations and antioxidant potentials were determined by HPLC-MS2 and HPLC equipped with an on-line ABTS+ antioxidant detection system. The data obtained showed qualitative and quantitative differences

Satellite- and reanalysis-based precipitation products are important data source for precipitation, particularly in areas with a sparse gauge network. Here, five open-access precipitation products, including the newly released China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) reanalysis dataset and four widely used bias-adjusted satellit

This chapter examines how prenatal diagnosis was discussed and interpreted when translated from laboratories and clinics into the public arena. It focusses on debates about policy and regulation in the early 1980s. Drawing on the concept of co-production the chapter argues that when groups outside the medical context discussed prenatal diagnosis, other values and norms were mobilized. Thus, in ordThis chapter examines how prenatal diagnosis was discussed and interpreted when translated from laboratories and clinics into the public arena. It focusses on debates about policy and regulation in the early 1980s. Drawing on the concept of co-production the chapter argues that when groups outside the medical context discussed prenatal diagnosis, other values and norms were mobilized. Thus, in ord

This is the introduction to the anthology Game Love:Essays on Play and Affection. The first 10 pages were written by Jessica Enevold and the ensuing chapter presentations by Esther MacCallum-Stewart. The whole book was edited together by Enevold & MacCallum-Stewart based on an idea by Jessica Enevold. The Introduction explains the background of the anthology, including an introduction to the o

Many industries, which are producing sludge in large quantities, depend on sludge dewatering technology to reduce the corresponding water content. A key design parameter for dewatering equipment is the capillary suction time (CST) test, which has, however, several scientific flaws, despite that the test is practical and easy-to-perform. The standard CST test has a few considerable drawbacks: its l

The aim of this study was to actively integrate expertise of persons living with spina bifida, to explore conditions embedded in their everyday life. This was important because young adults with spina bifida risk not being able to fully participate in the community on equal terms and in accordance with their own preferences. Photovoice, a community-based participatory research approach, was utiliz

This article focuses on adjudication of Muslim family law in countries that range from the Middle East and North Africa to South-East Asia. It begins by shortly summarizing the development of shari'a in pre-modern times, up until the 19th century. We discuss the basic features of marriage among classical jurists and argue that the close connection known today between the family and Islamic law can

The distribution of the longitudes of solar flares associated with the high-energy proton events called ground level events (GLEs) can be approximated by a Gaussian with a peak at ∼W60, with a full range from ∼E90 to ∼W150. The longitudes of flares associated with the top third (24 of 72) of GLEs in terms of their >430 MeV fluences (F 430) are primarily distributed over E20-W100 with a skew toward

Bone is a dynamic tissue with a quarter of the trabecular and a fifth of the cortical bone being replaced continuously each year in a complex process that continues throughout an individual’s lifetime. Bone has an important role in homeostasis of minerals with non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite bone mineral forming the inorganic phase of bone. Due to its crystal structure and chemistry, hydroxyapat

Graffiti game boards attest to the presence of historical populations at an archaeological site and, in some cases, assist in dating an archaeological context. While games suggest the presence of a social activity, their contextual significance compared to the graffiti of texts and images, pottery finds, and other diagnostic tools of archaeology is open to further enquiry. The presence of multiple

A push-pull oscillator topology that uses only one type of active device is proposed in this article. A magnetic transformer is leveraged to set positive feedback around a common-collector differential npn transistor pair, implementing the push-pull operation. This results in half the bias current for a given amplitude of oscillation, compared to more standard oscillator topologies. A thorough pha