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This paper discusses how housing for refugees is delt with by the authorities in rural Finland and Sweden. More precisely, we look at the services systems, rights and obligations which guide the choices of immigrants once they are allowed so stay, at least temporarily, in respective country. We apply the ‘conflicted policy processes’ approach in intergovernmental relations and Peter Scholten’s gov

Based on disappointing results of stem cell-based application in clinical trials for patients with critical limb ischemia, we hypothesized that the acidic environment might be the key factor limiting cell survival and function. In the present study, we used microdialysis to determine presence of acidosis and metabolic imbalance in critical ischemia. Moreover, we explored the effect of extracellula

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and fertilization in boreal forests frequently reduces decomposition and soil respiration and enhances C storage in the topsoil. This enhancement of the C sink can be as strong as the aboveground biomass response to N additions and has implications for the global C cycle, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that this effect would be associated w

I defend the view that circular definitions can be useful and illuminating by focusing on the fitting-attitudes analysis of value. This definition states that an item has value if and only if it is a fitting target of attitudes. Good items are the fitting targets of positive attitudes, and bad items are the fitting targets of negative ones. I shall argue that a circular version of this definition,

Hydrological modeling realism is a central research question in hydrological studies. However, it is still a common practice to calibrate hydrological models using streamflow as a single hydrological variable, which can lead to large parameter uncertainty in hydrological simulations. To address this issue, this study employed a multi-variable calibration framework to reduce parameter uncertainty i

Transfer RNAs are adaptor molecules, which decode mRNA into protein and,thereby, play a central role in gene expression. During the maturation of a primarytRNA transcript, specific subsets of the four normal nucleosides adenosine,cytidine, guanosine, and uridine are modified. The formation of a modified nucleosidecan require more than one gene product and may involve several enzymaticsteps. In the

This article uses the steady-state calculation, based on the heating degree-day method, to verify dynamicenergy simulations and estimate a building's heating energy use in early design phases. Utilizing ClimateStudio through Rhinoceros/Grasshopper, this method acts as a control, ensuring reliability of the dynamicmodel's input/output. The simulations were conducted on a single building block with

Introduction Diagnosing invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) can be challenging due to subjectivity in distinguishing equivocal nevi, melanoma in situ and thin CMs. The underlying molecular mechanisms of progression from nevus to melanoma must be better understood. Identifying biomarkers for treatment response, diagnostics and prognostics is crucial. Using biomedical data from biobanks and population-

This study investigates patterns of innovation during two successive industrial revolutions in Sweden. “Genius engineering firms”, such as L M Ericsson, SKF and ASEA (ABB) have dominated narratives about Sweden’s industrial and innovation success. Using new long-term data series of innovation output, 1890-2016, we observe several patterns. First, we document inverted U-shaped patterns during the c

The development of newer glucose-lowering drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in recent years, such as the SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists/analogues with well-documented clinical benefits from large trials, has influenced international guidelines. These drugs are able to reduce both macro- and microvascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and to prevent worsening of di