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The present study offers a first comprehensive, quantifiable overview of the geographical extent and scale of the cuneiform corpus. Though one of the oldest and longest-lived scripts in history, the sheer size of this corpus, being among the largest discrete bodies of written source material from the pre-modern world, is seldom properly appreciated. We review and evaluate past quantitative assessm

We present an index providing estimates of the number of cuneiform inscriptions derived from individual archaeological locations, along with bibliographical references for these estimates. Archaeological finds of cuneiform inscriptions are known from across Europe, Asia, and Africa, with the present index including an aggregate 430,000 inscriptions distributed across 600 locations. This index can

Introduction: Out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPE) are an inefficient and inequitable means of health financing. Identifying the factors driving these expenditures is crucial to design effective prepayment schemes. This study uses Cambodia—a country with high OOPE and prevalent informal employment—as a case study to analyse the relative contributions of healthcare, health, and social factors t

The human gut microbiome is a highly complex environment, where a myriad of intricate microbiota-microbiota and microbiota-host interactions occur. The human gut microbiota has been associated with both health and disease. The research presented in this thesis focuses on investigating how the butyrate-producing human gut bacterium Roseburia hominis A2-183 (R. hominis) processes β-mannan oligosacch

We report on the influence of selected components and their mixtures on the development of the morphology during drying of single droplets and extend the results to the morphology of whole milk powder particles. Sessile single droplet drying and acoustic levitation methods were employed to study single droplet drying. The influence of carbohydrates (lactose and maltodextrin DE12) and proteins (mic

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs), e.g. cubosomes and hexosomes, are receiving more and more attraction as drug delivery vehicles. Dry powder formulation that forms LCNPs upon hydration can be advantageous to make new routes of administration accessible. In this work, we investigate use of three disaccharides (lactose, trehalose and sucrose) as protective matrices for glycerol monooleate ba

Preprocessing of pharmaceutical powders is a common procedure to condition the materials for a better manufacturing performance. However, such operations may induce undesired material properties modifications when conditioning particle size through milling, for example. Modification of both surface and bulk material structure will change the material properties, thus affecting the processability o

Adhesion of the powders to the punches is a common issue during tableting. This phenomenon is known as sticking and affects the quality of the manufactured tablets. Defective tablets increase the cost of the manufacturing process. Thus, the ability to predict the tableting performance of the formulation blend before the process is scaled-up is important. The adhesive propensity of the powder to th

Two different food grade functionalised porous calcium carbonates (FCC), with different pore size and pore size distributions, were characterised and used as carrier materials to increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble flavouring compounds in aqueous solution. The loading level was varied between 1.3% by weight (wt%) and 35 wt%, where the upper limit of 35 wt% was the total maximum loading

The nature of the surfaces of particles of pharmaceutical ingredients, food powders, and polymers is a determining factor for their performance in for example tableting, powder handling, or mixing. Changes on the surface structure of the material will impact the flow properties, dissolution rate, and tabletability of the powder blend. For crystalline materials, surface amorphization is a phenomeno

This study investigated the influence of shell microstructure on oil migration and fat bloom development in chocolate model systems. The microstructure of the model shells was varied by means of tempering or seeding cocoa butter and the addition of non-fat particles. Further, the impact of different storage conditions was studied. By using a set of novel analytical techniques the migration rate co

Anna Fureby, PhD, Group Manager & Senior Scientist, Life Science, and Ulla Elofsson, PhD, Senior Scientist, both of SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, and Per Gerde, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer, Inhalation Sciences Sweden, discuss the serious problem of antibiotic resistance and the potential role of antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of resistant bacterial strains. For pulmonar

Tablets are the most convenient form for drug administration. However, despite the ease of manufacturing problems such as powder adhesion occur during the production process. This study presents surface and structural characterization of tablets formulated with commonly used excipients (microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose, mannitol, magnesium (Mg) stearate) pressed under different compaction

This chapter deals with aqueous two-phase systems, which are formed spontaneously when two polymers are mixed in water as a common solvent. Such phase-separated systems have potential as microencapsulation systems, although the major focus in research has been (bio)separation applications. Added components, such as proteins, large molecules, whole cells, and emulsion droplets, tend to partition pr