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How the Swedish Model of Labour Relations Evolved

This paper relates the evolution of Swedish labour market institutions to two types of long-term changes in open economy constraints: technology shifts and variations in level of exposure to competition in world markets. The analysis suggests that labour markets institutions should be looked upon as endogenously determined phenomena. The historical process that produced a highly centralised bargai

Education Reforms in the Muslim Middle East: A Move Towards Democracy?

Education reform in the Muslim Middle East and North Africa is perceived as a result of a slow process of democratization at the crossroad of globalization, rapid economic development, socio-political changes and religious ideologies. The diverse pattern of the reforms is the reflection of the complexity across the region; affected by domestic factors and the nature and extent of the linkage to th

Robust Synchronisation of Heterogeneous Networks Via Integral Quadratic Constraints

A general framework for the study of robust synchronisation in large-scale networks is provided. Agents are represented as a common nominal linear time-invariant (LTI) single-input-single-output (SISO) system with simple poles on the imaginary axis, subject to LTI SISO stable multiplicative perturbations. The agents exchange information in order to achieve output-synchronisation, namely steer thei

Unilateral refusal to supply: An agreement in disguise?

From a company perspective it is easier to develop a marketing strategy within a company than to arrange it in collaboration with others. Internal affairs can be controlled but agreements are left to the discretion of authorities. European competition policy suffers from a system failure discriminating against vertical agreements in favor of integrated organizations. Non-dominant companies should

Integrated Product Policy. A case study of Batteries.

A variety of actors are involved throughout the lifecycle of a product. The lifecycle starts at the designer’s table, continues with the use of raw materials, processing, transportation, consumption, waste management and recycling. The increasing complexity of product chains is an argument for analysing actors and policy instruments throughout the lifecycle of products. Actors in this analysis are