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The clinical onset of insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with several autoimmune phenomena including islet cell antibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase (the GAD65 isoform) autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) as well as insulin autoantibodies. The molecular cloning of these autoantigens has permitted the development of precise and reproducible antibody immunoassays to identify marker-positive patients a
Abstract: HLA‐DR2 is negatively associated with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The aim of the present study was to analyze DR2‐positive patients among 425 consecutively diagnosed unrelated Swedish children with IDDM and in 367 matched controls. HLA‐DRB, ‐DQA and ‐DQB were determined by Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a candidate target autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The functional state of the B cells has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in IDDM by altering β-cell autoantigen expression. In this study, we investigated expression of GAD-65 and GAD-67 in isolated Sprague-Dawley rat islets cultured at different g
The transmission of HLA-DR and DQ was compared between 46 families with at least one child affected by insulin dependent diabetes mellitis (IDDM) and 43 healthy control families. In the patient families, there was an increased transmission of DR4 (p<0.025) and DQB1*0302 (p<0.01) from both parents to the index patient. There was an increased transmission of DQB1*0302 (p<0.03) from the mothers only.
BackgroundAnimal bedding remains an underutilized source of raw material for bioethanol production, despite the economic and environmental benefits of its use. Further research concerning the optimization of the production process is needed, as previously tested pretreatment methods have not increased the conversion efficiency to the levels necessary for commercialization of the process.ResultsWe
Because of the body's resistance to permanent weight change, obesity remains a major health problem in modern society. It is hypothesized that the regulatory system defending body weight utilizes pancreatic insulin as an indicator of adiposity to the brain. To take advantage of this negative feedback system, we transplanted neonatal (experiment 1) or adult (experiment 2) pancreatic islets containi
The platelet-activating factor inhibitor BN50730, a hetrazepine, was injected intraperitoneally daily from 30 days of age into diabetes-prone BB rats. While 96% (22123) Tween 80 injected control rats developed diabetes, 0.05 mg/kg BN50730 decreased the frequency to 72% (17/24;n.s.) and 0.5 mg/kg to 56% (14125;p <0.01). Mean onset age in controls was 81 ± 9 days (mean ± SD), but BN50730 delayed ons
During the preclinical period of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), progression to clinical IDDM is characterized by declining β-cell function. Although the presence of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) improves the ability of islet cell antibodies (ICA) to predict subsequent clinical IDDM, few studies have examined the risk of developing IDDM in subjects positive for IAA but negative for both
The GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD is a prominent islet cell autoantigen in type I diabetes. The two forms of GAD (GAD64 and GAD67) are encoded by different genes in both rats and humans. By in situ hybridization analysis of rat and human pancreases, expression of both genes was detected in rat islets, whereas only GAD64 mRNA was detected in human islets, Immunocytochemical analysis of rat and human
Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies may aid in rapid screening strategies predicting IDDM before clinical onset. Rat islets contain GAD65 and GAD67 autoantibody targets, but human islets express only GAD65, now confirmed by direct immunoprecipitation from radiolabeled rat and human islets. Because human IDDM involves β-cell-specific autoimmunity, we tested 190 new IDDM patients and 51 healt
Abstract: Mexican American patients (n = 35) with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and control subjects (n = 39) were HLA‐DQA and DQB typed by the polymerase chain reaction technique combined with allele‐specific oligonucleotide probes. Either DQBl*0302 or DQB1*0201 was present among 91% (32/35) of the patients compared to 67% (26/39) of controls. Either DQA1*0501 or DQA1*0301 was presen
The association between HLA-DR and -DQ and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a defined high-incidence area was analyzed in a total of 58 population-based patients, representing 77% of IDDM patients with age at onset below 16 years, and in 92 unrelated parents in control families without IDDM. HLA haplotypes were confirmed by analyzing first-degree relatives in both groups. Seven differ
Abstract. Two unrelated young males with the unusual simultaneous presence of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are reported. Both patients manifested homozygosity for the DR3‐DQw2 (DQB*0201) HLA genotypes. We believe that homozygosity for this genotype may predispose for this type of multi‐organ autoimmune disease. 1993 Blackwell Publishing
At and before onset, most insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) have islet GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab). Since IDDM also occurs in older patients where non-insulin-dependent diabetes is common, we studied GAD65Ab at onset to classify diabetes type. Our quantitative immunoprecipitation assay uses recombinant human islet GAD65 stably expressed in hamster fibroblasts. Electrophoretic mobility was iden
A study of 109 Swedish patients and 85 healthy Swedish controls with Crohn's disease (CD) by HLA class II RFLP genotyping was carried out. There was no significant association for any single DR or DQ specificity or phenotypic combination of DR and/or DO specificities among our study group of Caucasian extraction.
Inbred specific pathogen-free diabetes-prone (DP) and diabetes-resistant (DR) BB rats were crossed to produce F1 and intercrossed to produce F2 rats. Diabetes segregates in these crosses as a recessive trait on rat chromosome 4. The weight gain of genetically diabetes-prone rats born to F1 healthy parents was studied to avoid effects of maternal diabetes. The weight gain of the F2 rats was initial
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is known as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), but is also present outside the CNS. Recent studies showed that GAD is the major target of autoantibodies associated with the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and of the rare stiff man syndrome. Studies
