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Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with unclear pathogenesis. A dysbiotic intestinal microbiota is regarded as a key component in the disease process and there has been significant interest in developing new treatments which target the microbiota. Aim: To give an overview of the studies to date investigating prebiotics and synbiotics for the treatmen
Neighbourhood peer effects (social influence) in the diffusion of residential solar photovoltaics (PV) have previously been identified and quantified in a number of studies. Yet, little has been known about the inner workings of peer effects in PV diffusion. In the present work, a survey and interviews were used to study peer effects among Swedish PV adopters. Participants acknowledged peer effect
Finding objective methods for assessing the performance of time–frequency distributions (TFD) of measured multi-component signals is not trivial. An optimal TFD should have well resolved signal components (auto-terms) and well suppressed cross-terms. This paper presents a novel signal adaptive method, which is shown to have better performance than the existing method, of automatically detecting th
We describe a sensing system that is able to measure pH in-vivo, in the rumen of a cow, in real time. The sensing principle is based on gravimetric transduction using a magnetoelastic ribbon functionalized by pH-sensitive nanobeads that is placed in the rumen where it is actuated and read-out wirelessly. We describe a generic procedure that enables one to deposit monolayers or multilayers of nano-
Growing planets interact with their natal protoplanetary disc, which exerts a torque onto them allowing them to migrate in the disc. Small mass planets do not affect the gas profile and migrate in the fast type-I migration. Although type-I migration can be directed outwards for planets smaller than 20−30M⊕ in some regions of the disc, planets above this mass should be lost into the central star lo
A paradigm change in energy system design tools, energy market, and energy policy is required to attain the target levels in renewable energy integration and in minimizing pollutant emissions in power generation. Integrating non-dispatchable renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy is vital in this context. Distributed generation has been identified as a promising method to integrate
Previous investigations of aqueous based ethyl cellulose (EC) latex dispersions have mainly focused on the commercially available viscosity grade 20 cps. In this study, dispersions of EC with varying viscosity grades (which correspond to molecular weights), ranging from 4 to 100 cps, were produced and characterised. The dispersions showed particle sizes around 200 nm and highly negative ζ-potentia
Former studies that have attempted to characterize individual socio-demographic factors associated with long-term benzodiazepine use were based on relatively small sample sizes and/or self-reported data. Our aim was to clarify this using large-scale primary health care data from Sweden. The present study covered 71 primary health care centres containing individual-level data from a total of 919, 9
STAT3 and its upstream activator IL6R have been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer and are possible future therapeutic targets. We analyzed 223 metastatic samples from rapid autopsies of 71 patients who had died of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to study protein and gene expression of pSTAT3 and IL6R. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 95% of metastases were posi
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has triggered the search for more efficient antimicrobial agents and formulations for treatment of infections. In recent years, combination therapy has become one of the effective clinical practices in treating infections. The present study deals with the effect of haloduracin, a lantibiotic bateriocin and chloramphenicol against clinically important bacte
In most studies on technology change, the analysis of cost reductions of new energy technologies has been narrow and has often neglected essential processes related to the deployment of new technologies, such as photovoltaics (PV). However, in the case of distributed PV systems, other costs than for the PV modules – aka the deployment or balance-of-system costs – are significant. This review study
This study evaluates the impact of agricultural subsidies (CAP) on employment outside the agricultural sector. A side-effect of the decoupling reform in 2005 was that Sweden introduced a grassland support which caused a redistribution of payments among regions. This heterogeneity in transfers is used to identify the effects of government transfers on regional labour markets. The effect on employme
Charge transfer interactions between C60 and the metal surfaces of Ag(111), Cu(111), Au(111) and Pt(111) have been studied using synchrotron-based photoemission, resonant photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. By placing the X-ray absorption and valence band spectra on a common binding energy scale, the energetic overlap of the unoccupied molecular orbitals with the density of states o
An experimental platform based on scaled-down unit operations combined in a plug-and-play manner enables easy and highly flexible testing of advanced biocatalytic process options such as in situ product removal (ISPR) process strategies. In such a platform, it is possible to compartmentalize different process steps while operating it as a combined system, giving the possibility to test and charact
The effects of 1 min exposure to 80% CO2 inhalation was studied in rats under light general anaesthesia with N2O. It was found that 80% CO2 gave a rapid slowing of the EEG as well as a rapid decrease of the amplitude of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Only minor influences upon the blood pressure and heart rate were seen. The changes were found to be transient and most of the EEG effects
The aim of this study is to find potential utilization practice of rice straw in India from an environmental perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for four most realistic utilization practices of straw including: (1) incorporation into the field as fertilizer (2) animal fodder (3) electricity (4) biogas. The results show that processing of 1 ton straw to electricity and biogas resu
Advanced 1-D models for Secondary Settling Tanks (SSTs) explicitly account for several phenomena that influence the settling process (such as hindered settling and compression settling). For each of these phenomena a valid mathematical expression needs to be selected and its parameters calibrated to obtain a model that can be used for operation and control. This is, however, a challenging task as
This study aims at summarizing available geological and geochemical data on known Proterozoic platinum-bearing ultramafic-mafic massifs in the south of Siberia. Considering new data on geochemistry and geochronology of some intrusions, it was feasible to compare ore-bearing complexes of different time spans and areas and to follow their relationships with the recognized large igneous provinces. In
To design diesel engines with low environmental impact, it is important to link health and climate-relevant soot (black carbon) emission characteristics to specific combustion conditions. The in-cylinder evolution of soot properties over the combustion cycle and as a function of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated in a modern heavy-duty diesel engine. A novel combination of a fast gas
