This book provides the first comprehensive discussion of conflicts between legal bases in EU law. It fills an important gap in the existing literature on the choice of legal basis in EU law by analysing the structure of legal bases and the resulting legal basis litigation in the European Union, thus identifying areas of conflict produced by overlapping competences, divergent inter-institutional in

This paper explains how corporations can develop market-based activities to influence environmental policies. The empirical focus is on how Swedish apparel retailers qualify take-back systems for used clothes and textiles as steps toward creating circular fashion. An analysis of the qualities that retailers attach to take-back systems shows how qualification helps corporations feature fashion as p

Context. Top-down chemistry is believed to be responsible for the formation of the large molecular compounds such as the polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon-like molecules and the fullerenes observed in the interstellar medium. The release of these large molecules fromthe parent grains remains an important issue to be investigated.Aims. Cosmic rays irradiate the dust grains during their journey in the

This article analyses the impact of Brexit on devolved competences in environmental protection. It maps the post-Brexit division of the United Kingdom (UK)’s internal (devolved) and external (international) competences and how this may shift when competences are returned from the European Union (EU). Crucially, the article suggests that certain of these EU powers do not simply derive from the EU b

Signal processing complexity and required memory become problematic in massive MIMO systems as the dimension of channel state information (CSI) matrix grows significantly with the large number of antennas and users. To address these challenges, we propose the first angular-domain massive MIMO detection scheme, which is based on three concepts: transferring the baseband processing from the spatial

A considerable part of latency in the baseband of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is introduced by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (de)modulation. To address the low-latency demand of massive MIMO systems, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor and corresponding reordering scheme are proposed, which reduce the processing latency and reordering latency of O

Objective: To evaluate the hemostatic system in patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) compared with those undergoing elective aortic procedures. Design: This was a prospective, observational study. Setting: The study was performed at a single university hospital. Participants: Twenty-five patients with ATAAD were compared with 20 control patients undergoing electi

Eye tracking is a useful tool when studying the oscillatory eye movements associated with nystagmus. However, this oscillatory nature of nystagmus is problematic during calibration since it introduces uncertainty about where the person is actually looking. This renders comparisons between separate recordings unreliable. Still, the influence of the calibration protocol on eye movement data from peo

An integral equation-based numerical method for scattering from multi-dielectric cylinders is presented. Electromagnetic fields are represented via layer potentials in terms of surface densities with physical interpretations. The existence of null-field representations then adds superior flexibility to the modeling. Local representations are used for fast field evaluation at points away from their

Advanced combustion such as the partially premixed combustion (PPC) is characterized by high energy efficiency. However, they are sensitive to the inlet condition and injection of a combustion engine. Therefore, it is essential to use combustion feedback. The accuracy of the feedback variables, derived from the cylinder pressure signal, is crucial for effective combustion feedback control. This pa

The importance of semi-arid ecosystems in the global carbon cycle as sinks for CO 2 emissions has recently been highlighted. Africa is a carbon sink and nearly half its area comprises arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, there are uncertainties regarding CO 2 fluxes for semi-arid ecosystems in Africa, particularly savannas and dry tropical woodlands. In order to improve on existing remote-se

In evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety treatment, the regression to the mean phenomenon is a cause for concern because of a possible overestimation of benefits. Therefore, Bayesian approaches are usually suggested as the most appropriate methodologies for before—after studies as they account for regression to the mean effects. The empirical Bayes (EB) methodology examines the estimation

Studies on fluids at supercritical pressure have been developed in a rapid-growth manner so that geometries are not restricted to circular tube. This paper is devoted to conduct a brief review of the recent main experiments on supercritical fluids such as CO 2 , water, R134a and n-decane, and to comment the findings. In addition, this paper discusses the probability of supercritical fluids flowi

Birds possess a magnetic sense and rely on the Earth's magnetic field for orientation during migration. However, the geomagnetic field can be altered by solar activity at relative unpredictable intervals. How birds cope with the temporal geomagnetic variations caused by solar storms during migration is still unclear. We addressed this question by reproducing the effect of a solar storm on the geom

Föreningen för Brandteknisk IngenjörsVetenskap (BIV) har genomfört en s.k. Round Robinstudie inom beräkningsområdet CFD. I studien utförde nio deltagande aktörer samma beräkningsuppgifter utan att veta vad de andra kommit fram till. Resultat-sammanställningen visar en relativt stor spridning som till största delen kan förklaras med att deltagarna gör olika ingenjörsmässiga val.De två beräkningsfal