Low temperature combustion (LTC) of high-octane number fuels in compression ignition engines offers an opportunity to simultaneously achieve high engine thermal efficiency and low emissions of NOx and particulate matter without using expensive after-treatment technologies. LTC engines are known to be sensitive to the operation conditions and combustor geometry. It is important to understand the fu

Survival data for pancreatic cancer are usually based on actuarial calculations and actual long-term survival rates are rarely reported. Here we use population-level data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for patients with microscopically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 1975 to 2011. A total of 84,275 patients with at least 5 years of follow-up

Background: The clinical management of pancreatic and other periampullary neoplasms remains challenging. In contrast to other cancer types, immunotherapies are largely ineffective, and the reason for the deprived immune response and the immune inhibiting cellular composition is only fragmentarily understood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively map the abundance, topographic distribution a

Many important scientific questions in physics, chemistry and biology rely on high-speed optical imaging techniques for their investigations. These techniques are either passive, relying on the rapid readout of photoactive elements, or active, relying on the illumination properties of specially designed pulse trains. Currently, MHz imaging speeds are difficult to realize; passive methods, being di

Gene therapy approaches using viral vectors for the overexpression of target genes have been for several years the focus of gene therapy research against neurological disorders. These approaches deliver robust expression of therapeutic genes, but are typically limited to the delivery of single genes and often do not manipulate the expression of the endogenous locus. In the last years, the advent o

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. A potential mechanism of toxicity for PFAS is via epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. However, few studies have evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and DNA methylation among adults, and data is especially scarce for women. Furthermore, exposure to environmental po

Platinum drugs are among the most effective anticancer agents, but their mode of action is still not fully understood. We therefore carried out a systematic investigation on the cellular activities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in A498 kidney cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was higher for cisplatin and oxaliplatin compared to carboplatin, with induction of apoptosis as the preferred mode of

Childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors may be at risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Little is known about the clinical course of COVID-19 in CAYA cancer survivors, or if additional preventive measures are warranted. We established a working group within the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) to summarize existing evidence

The access economy is rising in importance in the marketplace. In this conceptual article, we chronicle access practices in market and nonmarket economies. In nonmarket economic systems, access is gained via social exchange and primarily takes the form of sharing. That is, sharing is non-market-mediated access. In the contemporary market economy, economic exchange practices, such as renting, domin

Cancer cells facilitate growth and metastasis by using multiple signals from the cancer-associated microenvironment. However, it remains poorly understood whether prostate cancer (PCa) cells may recruit and utilize bone marrow cells for their growth and survival. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms underlying interactions between PCa cells and bone marrow cells are obscure. In this study, we is

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) 5'-splice site SD226 and 3'-splice site SA409 are required for production of the HPV16 E7 mRNAs, whereas unspliced mRNAs produce E6 mRNAs. The E6 and E7 proteins are essential in the HPV16 replication cycle but are also the major HPV16 proteins required for induction and maintenance of malignancy caused by HPV16 infection. Thus, a balanced expression of unspliced an