The emergence of the modern urban water infrastructure, albeit facilitated the waste- and stormwater management, it left some negative imprints on Iran's urban and natural environment. Among which changing the hydrology of urban watershed has great importance. Moreover, lack of resilience of the current stormwater management infrastructure is increasing the risks of urban flooding and pollution of

Nanosecond pulsed discharges (NPD) have been extensively used in plasma-assisted combustion to stimulate combustion kinetics. Experimental measurement of the energy transfer processes in non-equilibrium plasma-assisted processes is extremely difficult, as the non-equilibrium plasma discharge involves numerous different species with transient and complex three-dimensional structures across various

Understanding the flame dynamics in a nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) is imperative for the novel technology of plasma-assisted combustion. We conducted a systematic study on the dynamics of atmospheric NPD-assisted flames in single-pulse mode using Rayleigh scattering combined with structured illumination. The study is divided into two parts. Part I detailed the measurements and CH4/air flame r

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a widely used non-invasive method for characterizing NOx emission, mostly in combustion applications, but also in many plasma facilities. Under the carbon-free prerequisite, non-thermal plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) is a promising technology to address the low flammability issues of ammonia (NH3) flames, but nitric oxide (NO) emission remains unknown. NO quan

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can increase cancer detection in mammography screening while reducing screen-reading workload, but further understanding of the clinical impact is needed. Methods: In this randomised, controlled, parallel-group, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening-accuracy study, done within the Swedish national screening programme, wo

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the major form of functional bowel disorders, where the diagnosis is based on set criteria and characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Epidemiological data, alongside self-reported outcomes, are of interest with regard to IBS, as these factors may need to be addressed to optimize underlying IBS. This study aims to examine the effec

HLA-DR genes are associated with the progression from stage 1 and stage 2 to onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D), after accounting HLA-DQ genes with which they are in high linkage-disequilibrium. Based on an integrated cohort of participants from two completed clinical trials, this investigation finds that sharing a haplotype with the DRB1*03:01 (DR3) allele, DRB3*01:01:02 and *02:02:01 have re

The interaction of light with matter played a key role in the establishment of quantum mechanics, and each development of new light sources led to important advances in science, technology and society. An exciting area of physics has been opened with the new millennium, attosecond physics, where the motion of electrons can be studied at the fastest time scale ever reached with light. We review the

Background: Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with increased postoperative mortality, but less is known about kidney outcomes. This study investigated the association between elevated preoperative RDW and postoperative worsening of long-term kidney function and incidence of acute kidney injury. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients ≥18 yr undergoing nonc

Denna berättelse handlar om hur hypertermi (uppvärmning av tumörer) kan användas tillsammans med strålterapi för att förbättra behandlingsresultat vid cancer, särskilt återkommande bröstcancer. Det föreslås även nya kombinationsmetoder med immunoterapi för att ytterligare förstärka effekten och förbättra patienternas prognos. Berättelsen är en hyllning till minnet av pionjären onkologiläkaren Clae

Background: Long-term data on safety and efficacy of instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) vs fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of IFR- vs FFR-guided PCI in a real-world setting. Methods: We assessed the 5-year outcomes of all patients undergoing IFR or FFR assessment be

Gravitational interactions were studied by measuring the influence of small external field masses on a microwave resonator. It consisted of two spherical mirrors, which acted as independent pendulums individually suspended by strings. Two identical field masses were moved along the axis of the resonator symmetrically and periodically between a near and a far position. Their gravitational interacti

Articial intelligence (AI) is widely discussed across policy sectors, including global environmental politics. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2023 (COP28), national governments decided to explore AI’s role in climate solutions and its associated challenges and risks through the #AI4ClimateAction Initiative. In March 2024, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution to “se

Objectives: In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients initiating secukinumab, we aimed to assess retention rates and proportions of patients achieving remission and low disease activity (LDA), according to disease activity measures and patient-reported outcomes at 24 and 48 months. Patients and methods: Data on patients with axSpA and PsA who initiated secukinumab t

In recent decades, ethicists have engaged with new developments in human reproductive technologies from a variety of angles. Yet there has been relatively little effort to problematize the concept of reproduction itself. In this paper, we examine the question of what reproduction is and its relationship with biology. We show that reproduction is commonly assumed to entail biological parenthood—an

Purpose: Use of mechanical imaging (MI) as complementary to digital mammography (DM), or in simultaneous digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MI - DBTMI, has demonstrated the potential to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening and reduce unnecessary biopsies compared with DM. The aim of this study is to investigate the increase in the radiation dose due to the presence of an MI sens

Steadily increasing use of computer-generated models sets high demands on the realistic representation of breast tissue and abnormalities. Previously, we demonstrated the use of Perlin noise to simulate breast lesions. Now, we expand the previous model by simulating heterogeneous lesion composition. We demonstrate a new approach to simulating 3D soft tissue lesions, with additional benefits of Per