Bakgrund och syfte. Den svenska riksdagen har som ambition att till år 2020 lämna över ett samhälle till nästageneration där de stora miljöproblemen är lösta. Därför antog riksdagen år 1999 femtonnationella miljökvalitetsmål som anger vilket miljötillstånd som ska ha uppnåtts inom engeneration. Miljömålssystemet har senare kompletterats med ett sextonde miljömål samt ettantal delmål som är tidssat

This work explores the n-well/p-substrate photodiode in a deep submicron CMOS process. A CMOS chip is designed featuring different structures of the photodiode. When characterized at a wavelength of 850nm DC responsivities between 0.12 and 0.16 A/W and 3-dB bandwidths of about 6 MHz with a roll-off of about 5.5dB/decade are measured. These investigations are very useful in designing the transimped

Popular Abstract in Swedish En bred, distinkt materialpresentation är knuten till enskilda variabler av psykologiskt märke. Dessa innebär ett sök efter den autentiske Garborg, värderat som såväl symptombärare som symptomlösare. Introduktionen till Garborgs levnadshistoria avser att vara en invitation, speciellt till dem som inte är bekanta med honom som person och författare. Utifrån en period kriA broad, distinctive material presentation is done, which is linked to some variables of psychological value, stating a research for the authenticity of Garborg in viewing him as well a symptom bearer as a symptom solver. An introduction to Garborg is meant to be an invitation, especially to those who are not so well acquainted with him as a person and a writer. Out from a period of about 110 year

We examined whether a high cortisol awakening response (CAR) and low cortisol decline over the day (CDD) are related to self-reported work stress and well-being, and whether there are gender differences in these relationships. Three hundred eighty-three working men and women responded to a survey measuring job stress factors, mastery at work, symptoms and well-being. Salivary cortisol was sampled

The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the application of electrochemical methods for probing the dynamics of cellular metabolism in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The main part of the work has been done using genetically modified strains of yeast. Employing baker’s yeast, S. cerevisiae, as a model organism, it was demonstrated how an amperometric method can be utilized for real-time in

Popular Abstract in English European dry extensive grasslands are biodiversity hotspots which are severely threatened by land use intensification and abandonment. In order to plan efficient conservation actions it is necessary to collect information on the current status of grasslands, their species diversity and prevailing environmental conditions. Remote sensing technology in combination with grAs a consequence of agricultural intensification, large areas of species-rich grasslands have been lost and farmland biodiversity has declined. Previous studies have shown that the continuity of grazing management can have a significant influence on the environmental conditions and the levels of plant species diversity in grassland habitats. The preservation of species-rich grasslands has become a

Popular Abstract in Swedish En europeisk köpoption ger innehavaren rätten, men inte skyldigheten, att köpa en underliggande tillgång till ett visst pris, lösenpriset, vid ett bestämt datum, lösendagen. En europeisk säljoption definieras på motsvarande sätt: den ger innehavaren rätten, men inte skyldigheten att sälja den underliggande tillgången. En teori för hur denna typ av finansiella kontrakt sThis thesis consists of three chapters devoted to both empirical and theoretical aspects of option pricing. The first chapter investigates the market for European options on the Swedish OMX index using daily data for the period 1993-2000. The assumption of constant volatility of the returns underlying the Black and Scholes option pricing formula is assessed by extracting the volatilities implied

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Recent statistics and terror events testify an increased vulnerability of distribution networks. Antagonistic threats as theft, counterfeiting, contamination and terror are burdening supply chains with unexpected costs in form of lost cargo, production downtimes, lower customer satisfaction, and higher transportation costs. Society is also worried about the possibility for terrorists to exploit su