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Separating semantic and perceptual factors in the picture superiority effect

Memory for pictures is known to surpass memory for corresponding concrete words, an effect often attributed to the more distinctive perceptual form of pictures. A consequence of this view is that picture superiority would not survive a transformation in which only semantic, not perceptual, features were preserved from study to test, such as studying a picture of a horse and recognising the word "h

Optimica—An Extension of Modelica Supporting Dynamic Optimization

In this paper, an extension of Modelica, entitled Optimica, is presented. Optimica extends Modelica with language constructs that enable formulation of dynamic optimization problems based on Modelica models. There are several important design problems that can be addressed by means of dynamic optimization, in a wide range of domains. Examples include, minimum-time problems, parameter estimation pr

Impact of religion on understanding the world: development of tense and modality

This paper analyses an impact of religious practice on the development of the tense system, in particular the future tense. There have been rich typological studies on the tense, which reveal that a basic tense distinction is either past vs. non-past or past vs. present vs. future in most languages. From evolutionary/historical perspectives, the former case is older than the latter one, i.e. the f

The effects of in-car speed limiters – Field studies

Field trials in three European countries, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden were carried out in order to investigate the effects of an in-car speed limiter. The trials were carried out on urban and rural roads including motorways. A so-called unobtrusive instrumented car was used, where all the measuring equipment was hidden. All the speed limit categories in the respective countries, ranging from