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Importance: National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) workgroups have proposed biological research criteria intended to identify individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective: To assess the clinical value of these biological criteria to identify older individuals without cognitive impairment who are at near-term risk of developing symptomatic AD. Design, Setting
In many machine learning tasks, the premise is designed around predetermined targets and clear expectations of model behaviour. In such cases, there is a direct definition of the optimal mappings between inputs and outputs, which can be learned given sufficiently sized datasets and models. However, in many real-world scenarios, tasks are often not as well-posed and instead defined around detecting
BACKGROUND: Variability of brain amyloid burden across individuals suggests that biological factors may play a role. This study investigates the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and amyloid burden in a preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohort to identify genetic determinants. METHOD: PRS for AD susceptibility (Kunkle et al., 2019) and for CSF-Aβ42 and ptau181 (Jansen et al., 2022
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease believed to be caused by autoimmune pathogenesis. The aetiology is likely explained by a complex interplay between inherited and environmental factors. Genetic investigations into MS have been conducted for over 50 years, yielding >100 associations to date. Globally, the strongest linkage is with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-DRB5*0
OBJECTIVE: Sepsis and septic shock are major challenges and economic burdens to healthcare, impacting millions of people globally and representing significant causes of mortality. Recently, a large number of quality improvement programs focused on sepsis resuscitation bundles have been instituted worldwide. These educational initiatives have been shown to be associated with improvements in clinica
Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett varmare klimat ökar generellt risken för angrepp av skadeinsekter på jordbruksgrödor, och många skadeinsekter förväntas sprida sig norrut. Den här avhandlingen fokuserar på hur ett varmare klimat kan påverka koloradoskalbaggen, en allvarlig skadegörare i potatisodlingar. Koloradoskalbaggen kom från Mexiko till Europa i början av 1900-talet, och har sedan dess spridiEuropean agriculture is facing the challenge of managing the impact of climate change on food security. Agriculture in a northern temperate climate is likely to benefit from higher temperature and longer growing season while, in the south, crop productivity is likely to decline. Such changes in climate could also affect the population dynamics of insect pests. The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is o
Aim: The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a flagship species for global freshwater ecosystems. As one of the most widely distributed Palearctic mammals, the otter used to inhabit most provinces in China. However, after decades of relentless hunting and habitat degradation, the Sanjiangyuan Region is now one of last strongholds for this species in China. Currently, there still remains an enormous kn
BackgroundDespite a flux of global initiatives to increase and sustain breastfeeding rates, challenges persist. The decision to commence and sustain breastfeeding is influenced by multiple, complex factors. Feelings of social embarrassment, shame, fear of judgement, and lack of confidence when breastfeeding in public, compound women’s decisions to breastfeed and may result in formula feeding or ea
Background: Quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) first pass perfusion maps are conventionally acquired with 3 short-axis (SAX) views (basal, mid, and apical) in every heartbeat (3SAX/1RR). Thus, a significant part of the left ventricle (LV) myocardium, including the apex, is not covered. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate if perfusion maps acquired with 3 short-axis view
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death and disability globally. HF represents the common end- stage of most heart conditions, during which the heart is unable to generate sufficient output of blood for the metabolic demands of the body and intracardiac pressures increase. Different heart diseases display specific molecular pathophysiologies, but common pathways are also present that drive
The global prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes andcardiovascular diseases, continues to increase. Dietary habits are the most significant contributingmodifiable factor in this context. A healthy diet must thus form part of successful preventive strategies tocombat cardiometabolic diseases.Oats are a sustainable cereal, rich in potential health-promoting bio
Can civil society simultaneously be duty-bearers and rights-holders? In global human rights discourse, the term 'civil society' is commonly used in two seemingly opposing ways. The first is the use of 'civil society' as denoting an extended duty-bearer in the form of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) which by many states across the world are being tasked with directly implementing human rights
Background: Combination lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) after myocardial infarction (MI) achieves lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and better cardiovascular outcomes vs statin monotherapy. As a result, global guidelines recommend lower LDL-C but, paradoxically, advise treatment through a stepwise approach. Yet the need for combination therapy is inevitable as <20% of patients
Introduction Neurogenic erectile dysfunction is a common sequela of radical prostatectomy. The etiology involves injury to the autonomic cavernous nerves, which arise from the major pelvic ganglion (MPG), and subsequent neuroinflammation, which leads to recruitment of macrophages to the injury site. Currently, two macrophage phenotypes are known: neurotoxic M1 macrophages and neuroprotective M2 ma
Malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous, malignant neoplastic disease, most often originating in the skin. Melanoma is characterized by a high mutational load and has a vastly variable prognosis, depending on disease stage. Genetic aberrations in the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are important in melanoma, of which mutations in BRAF and NRAS are the most common. Additionally, recu
Objective: To develop a model and methodology for predicting the risk of Gleason upgrading in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS) and using the predicted risks to create risk-based personalised biopsy schedules as an alternative to one-size-fits-all schedules (e.g. annually). Furthermore, to assist patients and doctors in making shared decisions on biopsy schedules, by provid
The history of modern maritime safety legislation at the international level is relatively young. Its beginnings are generally associated with the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, a tragedy that resulted in the adoption by an international conference of the first of what was to become a series of versions (1914, 1929, 1948, 1960, 1974) of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (
In the early 21st century, deflationary trends applied pressure on margins in a range of different industries and subsequently cost reductions were required. Improving efficiency in the supply chain was identified as one of the key sources of potential cost savings. Subsequently, a trend towards slimmer supply chains with less stockkeeping emerged. However, due to the covid-19 pandemic supply chai
