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Over the past decade, avoiding deforestation has become a central element of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The focal point of this has been the incentive-based mechanism of REDD+, which stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. A key notion in REDD+ is to establish incentives for developing countries to reduce their forest-related carbon emi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Oberoende av vilket bränsle som används ger förbränning upphov till utsläpp av miljöfarliga gaser, såsom kväveoxider, svaveldioxider, kolmonoxid och oförbrända kolväten. Dessa ämnen bidrar till försurning, smog, växthuseffekten och kan skada ozonlagret. Även koldioxid kan anses som en miljöfarlig gas då den bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen. För att få en bättre förIn the work presented in this thesis, different laser-based techniques were employed for measurements in different combustion devices. Laser-based techniques enable non-intrusive and in-situ measurements to be carried out, in which high spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained. Different parameters related to combustion research can be visualized, such as species concentrations, temperature
Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this ser
Aims: Worldwide, smokeless-tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer. Evidence regarding the particular association between Swedish snus use and oral cancer is, however, less clear. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between snus use and oral cancer. Methods: A total of 418,369 male participants from nine c
We consider the two-dimensional problem for steady water waves with vorticity on water of finite depth. While neglecting the effects of surface tension we construct connected families of large amplitude periodic waves approaching a limiting wave, which is either a solitary wave, the highest solitary wave, the highest Stokes wave or a Stokes wave with a breaking profile. In particular, when the vor
African states have recently claimed that international law is transforming into a new form of colonialism and a hegemonic power masquerading as the international rule of law. The International Criminal Court's bias against the Third World African states in correlation to the human right to a fair trial is investigated. The thesis overarching question addresses the Court's selective justic
In times of heightened dissensus over the liberal democratic order, normative theories of the EU need to adapt to be able to capture how the promotion and enforcement of values go hand in hand with their contestation. Research on global LGBT politics has shown that the promotion and enforcement of LGBT equality make possible and shape the anti-LGBT dissent it seeks to combat. Understood as a parad
Malfunction and amyloid formation of the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) are factors contributing to Type 2 diabetes. Unravelling the mechanism of IAPP aggregate formation may forward our understanding of this process and its effect on pancreatic β-islet cell. Such mechanistic studies require access to sequence homogeneous and highly pure IAPP. Here we present a new facile protocol for the produc
Our ever-changing world has to a great extent created a need of efficient financial risk-management programs for financial institutions and corporations operating in a demanding international environment. These changes have however also increased the types of financial tools and derivatives used to handle the multifold macroeconomic exposures. Companies have therefore diversified opportunities to
It is estimated that global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduced by up to 12% at the start of 2020 compared to recent years due to the COVID-19 related downturn in economic activity. Despite the large decrease in CO2 emissions, no reduction in the trend in background atmospheric CO2 concentrations has been detected. So, how long would it take for sustained COVID-19 CO2 emission red
