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Background. A once commonly held belief was that surgery is too complicated, too expensive, and too ineffectively addressing a too minor proportion of the burden of disease to deserve priority in a setting of scarce healthcare resources in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, essential surgical care can be as highly cost-effective as other common public health interventions, and surgical service

This paper presents the development of a system dynamic model to simulate and analyze desertification. The human-environment coupled model integrates socio-economic drivers with bio-physical drivers of biomass production, land degradation and desertification. It is based on the UN and GEF definitions of desertification. It illustrates the concept of desertification through differential equation an

Sea salt aerosol particles are highly abundant in the atmosphere and play important roles in the global radiative balance. After influence from continental air, they are typically composed of Na+, Cl-, NH4+, and SO42- and organics. Analogous particle systems are often studied in laboratory settings by atomizing and drying particles from a solution. Here, we present evidence that such laboratory st

Muslim marriages have been the focus of considerable public debate in Europe and beyond, in Muslim-majority countries as well as in settings where Muslims are a minority. Most academic work has focused on how the majority Sunni Muslims conclude marriages. This volume, in contrast, focuses on Twelver Shi'a Muslims in Iran, Pakistan, Oman, Indonesia, Norway, and the Netherlands. The volume makes an

This paper focuses on the role of corporate financial strategies to improve their market valuations and lower their cost of capital. The identification of successful strategies is accomplished within an overall strategic framework. The paper is built on 12 longitudinal case studies from the Nordic countries to illustrate the linkages between business strategy, firm motivation, and various financia

De senaste teknologiska framstegen har lett till skapandet av högspecialiserade system inom olika industrier, vilket möjliggör uppgifter som tidigare varit otänkbara. I takt med att den globala efterfrågan på hållbara och effektiva energilösningar ökar, har behovet av innovation inom teknik aldrig varit större. Dessa framsteg representerar transformativa förändringar som omformar hela sektorer. FrRecent technological advancements have led to the creation of highly specialized systems across various industries, enabling tasks that were once beyond imagination. As the global demand for sustainable and efficient energy solutions grows, the urgency for innovation in technology has never been greater. These advancements are not simply incremental but represent transformative changes that are re

Much of the literature in the field of international relations is currently concerned with the changing patterns of authority in world politics. This is particularly evident in the policy domain of climate change, where a number of authors have observed a relocation of authority in global climate governance. These scholars claim that multilateral treaty making has lost much of its spark, and they

Many claims have been made in the past that Management and Organization Studies (MOS) is becoming increasingly fragmented, and that this fragmentation is causing it to drift into self-reference and irrelevance. Despite the weight of this claim, it has not yet been subjected to a systematic empirical test. This paper addresses this research gap using the tribalization approach and diachronic co-cit

Studien undersöker om investerare kan ta hänsyn till hållbara och etiska aspekter genom negativ screening utan att behöva betala ett pris i form av lägre riskjusterad avkastning relativt marknaden i normala- och kristider. Studien består av 5655 bolag spridda över 51 olika länder. Ur dessa bolag skapades åtta portföljer med olika screeningnivåer. Deras riskjusterade avkastningen mättes relativt et

The word “desertification” was introduced in 1949 by the French scientist Aubreville in his report “Climats, forêts et désertification de l´Afrique tropicale”. The concept, however, was discussed earlier by European and American scientists in terms of increased sand movements, desiccation, desert and Sahara encroachment and man made deserts. Desertification, at the beginning of last century, mea

According to the values of democracy, the governors should be held accountable for their actions and omissions by the governed. However, on a global level there is a deep deficit of democratic accountability. The Inter-Parliamentary Union, (IPU) whose members consist of almost all of the national parliaments in the world, claims to increase accountability within the UN system. This thesis uses the

Climate change and atmospheric aerosols are a threat for human health and life. Reducing aerosol emissions would save human lives close to the aerosol source, but could lead to more death due to the implications of a warmer climate. Aerosol particles acting as cloud or ice nuclei can induce a change in cloud properties and thus indirectly induce a change in planetary albedo, which is considered th

The term gentrification carries a significant amount of weight when used to describe processes of urban transformation and, despite its origins in 1960’s London, it has become a globally used and accepted term. An in-depth discussion is had on the issues surrounding contextuality and the mutation of the theory of gentrification over time. This research has then analysed the term gentrification thr