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Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Sen den industriella revolutionen har koldioxidhalten i atmosfären nästan fördubblats, från 280 ppm till 360 ppm. Detta har skapat stora diskussioner om hur vårt klimat kommer att påverkas. Koldioxid (CO2) är en växthusgas och med detta menas att den absorberar inkommande energi och på så sätt värmer upp vår jord. I denna studie har fokusen lagts på hur vegetatiIncreasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere may substantially increase net primary productivity (NPP) and thereby increase carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems. Realistic Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiments tend to show a NPP enhancement of about 25% if CO2 is elevated by 200 ppm. In this study two generalized vegetation models, the Lund-Postsdam-Jena dynamic generalized vegetat

Cities are key actors in reducing both the causes of climate change (mitigation) and its impact (adaptation), and many have developed separate mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures. However, in order to maximize outcomes, both scholars and practitioners are increasingly calling for more integrated and synergetic approaches. Unfortunately, related research remains scarce and fragmented,

Background: Previous research has focused exclusively on weight loss or weight maintenance following weight loss, i.e. secondary weight maintenance (SWM). The long-term results of SWM have been modest, suggesting that preventing initial weight gain among normal weight or overweight individuals, i.e. primary weight maintenance (PWM), may be more successful. The aim of this study was to compare the

The objective was to study obesity and insulin resistance in relation to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA) in a Swedish population, with particular focus on sex differences. Using a cross-sectional design, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), glucose/insulin metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate, self-reported education, smoking, alcohol consump

The aim of this mixed-method study was to explore the trajectories of leaving home, and views and experiences among children and youth in the Kagera region in Tanzania, who have lived on the streets or been domestic workers. The main results showed that orphanhood and mistreatment were the main reasons for leaving home: few children lived with their parents before they left, and leaving home was a

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this population-based study was to investigate associations between recreational values of the close natural environment and neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing. METHODS: Data from a large public health survey distributed as a mailed questionnaire in suburban and rural areas of southern Sweden were used (N = 24,819; 59% participation rate). G

Exhaustion is hypothesised to be a risk-factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but as such its independence from emotional states, in particular depression, has not been established in previous investigations. This study aimed to explore the unique contribution of exhaustion, independent from symptoms of depression and anxiety, to CHD development.

Background: Mass screening for celiac disease (CD) as a public health intervention is controversial. Prior to implementation, acceptability to the targeted population should be addressed. We aimed at exploring adolescents' and parents' experiences of having the adolescents' CD detected through mass screening, and their attitudes towards possible future mass screening. Methods: All adolescents (n =

Using data on 119 low- and lower-middle-income countries from 2002 to 2020, we fit fixed-effects (FE) models to evaluate the impacts of three types of official development assistance (ODA) on access to three types of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services: access to skilled birth attendance, access to modern contraceptives and coverage of antiretroviral therapies against HIV/AIDS. The resul

The current climate crisis experienced in the 21st century is a never seen before challenge that needs a collective response to address this global problem. Current processes of adaptation concern themselves mostly on local, regional or national level. As of now, the response to climate risks has not led to a cooperative approach to the issue, which has led to detrimental effects for those countri

Alvars are globally rare habitats with rich and distinctive vegetation-communities. Alvars are found on limestone bedrock which is also subject to quarrying for cement production. The increasing global need for cement results in either expanding existing quarries or the opening of new ones. Current legislation requires the restoration of limestone quarries after they are closed for quarrying and t

Why are some regions rich and others poor? This study investigates the geographical origins of Italy’s persistent regional income gap. Using municipal population density as both a proxy for historical income and an outcome shaped by geography, we show that first-nature advantages, such as mild climates and fertile soils, predict higher population density in Northern Italy from the earliest availab

Abstract Due to a lack of marine macrofossils in many sediment cores from the estuarine Baltic Sea, researchers are often forced to carry out 14C determinations on bulk sediment samples. However, ambiguity surrounding the carbon source pathways that contribute to bulk sediment formation introduces a large uncertainty into 14C geochronologies based on such samples, and such uncertainty may not have

Major atmospheric oxidants (OH,O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trends of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the S

Background Female sex workers (FSW), due to their working conditions, have an increased likelihood of heavy episodic drinking (HED), which is associated with risky sexual behavior. Nevertheless the specific contribution of HED to risky sexual behavior among FSWs in Ethiopia is not well documented for prevention activities. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants and con

Owing to climate change, population growth and tenurial changes, the past decade has witnessed high interest among migrant and settler pastoralist groups in thevegetal-rich customary lands of the Agogo Traditional Area. This has resulted in lease grants of large land areas to pastoralists by traditional authorities and usufructfamilies, for reasons of ensuring optimum use and gaining the highest r

Background: The aim is to identify trajectories of precarious employment (PE) over time in Sweden to examine associations of these with the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Methods: This is a nation-wide register-based cohort study of 1,583,957 individuals aged 40 to 61 years old residing in Sweden between 2003-2007. Trajectories of PE as a multidimensional construct and s

This chapter describes the Back to the Future (BTF) approach with illustrations of different data sets and their conclusions and stimulates the growth of such studies. The BTF Project included several studies that "discovered" old data sets, digitized them, carried out analyses and made data and analyses available in publications. An important aspect of the BTF approach is that the evidence of cha

Objectives This study aimed to explore multidimensional operationalizations of precarious employment (PE) in Swedish register data using two approaches: (i) a typological approach and (ii) a dimensional, summative scale approach. It also examined the distribution of sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of precarious employees in Sweden. Method Register data was retrieved on individual