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Background: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries most affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and also by severe undernutrition, which is particularly prevalent among women. HIV infection, reproductive biology, and their role in society increase the vulnerability of women to malnutrition. Various factors including urbanization could cause differences in the nutr
Beijing is particularly prone to frequent wintertime haze episodes. In this study, we introduce the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) and SOSAA (the model to Simulate the concentration of Organic vapors, Sulfuric Acid, and Aerosols) modeling system for air quality analysis and applied the newly developed modeling system to a severe pollution episode during a case study in Beijing in No
This paper presents a study in which the specific activity of (14)C in hair has been investigated as an easily determined bio-indicator of the integrated (14)C exposure (over several months). The study includes 28 Swedish workers handling (14)C-labelled compounds, or working in a (14)C-enriched environment. Hair samples from personnel at a Swedish nuclear power plant showed very low levels of (14)
Computer programming is historically constructed as a male domain, and the underrepresentation of women and other marginalised minorities is recognised as a global phenomenon in most countries of the world. However, limited attention has been paid to women who choose to enter this field. The lack of intersectional and cross-national analysis on the relationship between gender and technology remain
The present thesis is an investigation about the analysis and study of what is the best way to obtain greater savings of heat principally from the reuse of Drain Hot Water (DWH). The study is carried out through the hypothetical application of one of these heat reuse systems and the installation of renewable solar system to reduce the electricity consume in a single-family house of 300 m2 located
While the global foreign aid trend has shifted closer to security, the Development Assistance Committee prohibits donor countries from giving aid for military purposes or the donor countries’ security interests. Many scholars observed that several projects of Japan’s Official Development Assistance are, to a large extent, military aid or driven by national interests. In this paper, I answer the re
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Tiden mellan 33,9–5,3 miljoner år sedan är indelad i perioderna Oligocen och Miocen. Denna tid karaktäriseras av ett oscillerande klimat som var knutet till de primära så kallade Milankovitchcyklerna – excentricitet hos Jordens bana kring solen, jordaxelns lutning och dess precession – men magnituden hos oscillationerna var mycket varierande. Dinoflagellater äThe Oligocene and Miocene are characterized by a number of climate oscillations, following the primary Milankovitch cycles but varying in magnitude. Dinoflagellates are sensitive environmental indicators as well as biostratigraphic markers, but their use as the former has mainly been restricted to higher latitudes. This palynological study is made on samples belonging to the Oligocene-Miocene inte
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of physical violence and rape among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling technique.SETTING: Eleven major towns in Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: 4900 FSWs.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of experiences of physical beating and rape.RESULTS: Among FSWs, 17.5% reported physical
Wave damping in vegetation in shallow lakes reduces resuspension and thereby improves the light climate and decreases nutrient recycling. In this study, wave transformation in reed (Phragmites australis) was measured in a shallow lake. Theoretical models of wave height decay, based on linear wave theory, and transformation of the probability density function (PDF), using a wave-by-wave approach, w
Mapping coastal inlets and their catchment areas is essential for management of the coastal zone. The coastal inlets are important channels of exchange of nutrients, water and sediment between the land and sea. They are also important elements of the coastal hydrological system and play a vital role in controlling the water flow into the sea during floods. Blocking of the coastal inlets is one of
Background: Several countries have increased patients' abilities to choose their health care providers, frequently under the assumption that patients are themselves the best agents to make such decisions. In parallel, national and regional health authorities have enhanced access to Internet based information sources (IBIS) to assist patients in making an informed choice. Relatively little, however
The aim of this mixed-method study was to explore the trajectories of leaving home, and views and experiences among children and youth in the Kagera region in Tanzania, who have lived on the streets or been domestic workers. The main results showed that orphanhood and mistreatment were the main reasons for leaving home: few children lived with their parents before they left, and leaving home was a
The increased schizophrenia risks for residents of cities with high levels of competition and for members of disadvantaged groups (for example migrants from low- and middle-income countries, people with low IQ, hearing impairments or a history of abuse) suggest that social factors are important for aetiology, Dopaminergic dysfunctioning is a key mechanism in pathogenesis. This editorial is a selec
The independent engineer In the current financial crises, a vacant job is an article in short supply. Good competence and academic titles are no longer a guarantee to receive an employment after examination. These circumstances require a capacity to see opportunities outside the box. When the labor market no longer can offer any jobs, there is two alternatives. Await an opportunity or create an op
Internet och sociala medier har ändrat spelreglerna för kommunikation vilket den virala kampanjen Kony 2012, som nådde 80 miljoner människor inom en vecka, blev ett exempel på. Men innebär det att deltagarna är lika engagerade som i mer traditionella kampanjer, och kan organisationer vända ett enorma digitala genomslag som kampanjer kan få genom sociala medier till verklig handling? Syftet med den
Vietnam has undergone unprecedented changes in its recent history, and has become increasingly exposed to global processes due to its deepened integration into the international economy and the large scale investment by the international community in its development process. Remarkable progress has been made over the past twenty five years, however new challenges have emerged and the solutions to
The recent shift towards energy-dense and nutrient-poor diets has led to an increase of diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardio-vascular disease. Due to poverty, geographical remoteness and lack of cultivable land, Kiribati experiences a double burden of malnutrition with high levels of NCDs among adults, and undernourishment among children. Since mothers are generally responsible for choosi
Background: Sweden has a long-standing tradition of youth-friendly services focusing on sexual, reproductive and mental health. Currently, they are mainly targeting and being used by girls and young women. Little is known about what motivates and prevents boys and young men from seeking out and utilising health services, including the youth clinics. This study therefore aimed to investigate factor
