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CONTEXT: The risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been examined in many studies, but relatively little attention has been paid to the degree to which the risk may vary among carriers. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers vary with respect to observable and unobservable characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Probands
OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer disease (AD) can now be diagnosed in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using biomarkers. However, little is known about the rate of decline in those subjects. In this cohort study, we aimed to assess the conversion rate to dementia and identify prognostic markers in subjects with MCI and evidence of amyloid pathology. METHODS: We pooled subjects from the VU Un
Objective This study investigated whether low-to-moderate exposure to welding fumes is associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.Methods To test this, we performed a longitudinal analysis of 78 mild steel welders and 96 controls; these subjects were examined twice, six years apart (ie, timepoints 1 and 2). All subjects (male and non-smoking at recruitment) completed questionnair
Fredagen den 3 augusti 1923 klev en 17-årig smålänning av Svenska Amerika Liniens S/S Drottningholm i New York. Han genomgick procedurerna på Ellis Island, fick en adresslapp på kavajslaget, roddes i land, marscherade med andra nyanlända på led till Grand Central Station, sattes på ett tåg norrut och lyftes av i New Haven, Connecticut. De närmaste tio åren skulle han uppleva det glada 20-talet och
Preclinical studies support an anticancer effect of statin drugs, yet epidemiologic evidence remains inconsistent regarding their role in breast cancer primary prevention. Here, we report an updated analysis of the association between statin use and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort. Postmenopausal NHS participants without a cancer history were followed from 2000 unt
Rationale:The innate immune system and in particular the pattern-recognition receptors Toll-like receptors have recently been linked to atherosclerosis. Consequently, inhibition of various signaling molecules downstream of the Toll-like receptors has been tested as a strategy to prevent progression of atherosclerosis. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is invol
We have investigated the poorly-understood origin of nitrogen in the early Galaxy by determining N abundances from the NH band at 336 nm in 35 extremely metal-poor halo giants, with carbon and oxygen abundances from Cayrel et al. (2004, A&A, 416, 1117), using high-quality ESO VLT/UVES spectra (30 of our 35 stars are in the range -4.1 <[Fe/H] < -2.7 and 22 stars have [Fe/H] < -3.0). N abundance
Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by affecting bone mineral density and other predictors of osteoporotic fracture risk such as ultrasound properties of bone and skeletal geometry. We previously identified a polymorphism of a Sp1 binding site in the Collagen Type 1 Alpha 1 gene (COLIA1) that has been associated with reduced BMD and an increased risk of osteo
UNLABELLED: The VDR is a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Here we studied five common polymorphisms of VDR in relation to calcium intake and vitamin D status in a population-based cohort of 3100 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass, bone loss, or fracture.INTRODUCTION: Population studies of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have produced conflicting results. We p
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. METHODS: Blood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analys
Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a putative Th2, anti-inflammatory interleukin. Its expression and potential role in atherogenesis are unknown. IL-19 is not detected in normal artery and is expressed to a greater degree in plaque from symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, suggesting a compensatory counter-regulatory function. We tested whether IL-19 could reduce atherosclerosis in susceptible mice an
Today, the classification systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) already incorporate cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations in an attempt to better reflect disease biology. However, in many MDS/AML patients no genetic aberrations have been identified yet, and even within some cytogenetically well-defined subclasses there is considerable clinical heterog
We calculated a simple indicator of food availability using data from 93 sites in 17 countries across contrasted agroecologies in sub-Saharan Africa (>13,000 farm households) and analyzed the drivers of variations in food availability. Crop production was the major source of energy, contributing 60% of food availability. The off-farm income contribution to food availability ranged from 12% for hou
The aim of this paper is to provide insights into, and perspectives on, the transformation of mindsets for logisticians. We argue that by exploring paradoxes inherent in the efficiency-focused paradigm of today, a strategic mindset can emerge in which central logistics management issues can be addressed, understood, and dealt with in order to enhance supply chain effectiveness and innovation. BaseThe aim of this paper is to provide insights into, and perspectives on, the transformation of mindsets for logisticians. We argue that by exploring paradoxes inherent in the efficiency-focused paradigm of today, a strategic mindset can emerge in which central logistics management issues can be addressed, understood, and dealt with in order to enhance supply chain effectiveness and innovation. Base
Importance: Lack of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) after extremely preterm birth may contribute to preterm morbidity, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Objective: To determine whether enteral supplementation with fatty acids from birth to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age reduces ROP in extremely preterm infants.Design, Setting, and Participants: The Mega Donna Mega trial,
Cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and/or 2 (CB2) are overexpressed in many types of human malignancies including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Agonists to CB1 and CB2 promote ceramide de novo synthesis, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic cell death in most MCLs. However, in this report we describe that in some MCLs the response to treatment with cannabin
A boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facility has been constructed at Studsvik, Sweden. It includes two filter/moderator configurations. One of the resulting neutron beams has been optimized for clinical irradiations with a filter/moderator system that allows easy variation of the neutron spectrum from the thermal to the epithermal energy range. The other beam has been designed to produce a larg
A measurement of inclusive jet cross-sections in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA is presented based on data with an integrated luminosity of 21.1 pb(-1). The measurement is performed for photon virtualities Q(2) between 5 and 100 GeV2, differentially in Q(2), in the jet transverse energy E-T, in E-T(2)/Q(2) and in the pseudorapidity eta(lab). With the renormalization scale mu(R) = E-T, pertur
