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The rapid horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance genes on conjugative plasmids between bacterial host cells is a major cause of the accelerating antibiotic resistance crisis. There are currently no experimental platforms for fast and cost-efficient screening of genetic effects on antibiotic resistance transmission by conjugation, which prevents understanding and targeting conjugation. We
Recent climate change predictions suggest altered patterns of winter precipitation across the Arctic. It has been suggested that the presence, timing and quantity of snow all affect microbial activity, thus influencing CO2 production in soil. In this study annual and seasonal emissions of CO2 were estimated in High-Arctic Adventdalen, Svalbard, and sub-Arctic Latnjajaure, Sweden, using a new trace
This article begins with an empirical puzzle: the case of a small factory in an industrial Ukrainian city appears to contradict everything we thought we knew about industrial paternalism and workers’ contestatory attitudes in the country. Unlike the large companies in the same city, this factory enjoys social peace without having to guarantee it through a “social wage”. How does management succeed
Neurochemical evidence indicates that cognitive impairment in dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) is related to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the brain. A pharmacological approach is treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor such as tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA). THA treatment of 17 patients with DAT was studied with a double-blind crossover design with three types of treatment, THA + lecith
1. Researchers are currently placing hundreds of geolocators on migratory animals. Return rates for some small birds carrying these devices have been lower than expected, potentially because geo- locators increase drag during flight. 2. We measured the drag of three different geolocators (1 2g BAS-MK10, 1 0 g SOI-GL10 09 and 0 5 g SOI-GL05 10) in backpack-style harnesses on two preserved bird bodi
Objective: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. To date, there are no reliable methods to detect which infants will develop brain damage after asphyxia insult. Design and Setting: Prospective study conducted in three tertiary departments of neonatology from December 1999 to July 2002. Participants: A total of 44 infants with perinat
[1] Methane fluxes were measured at five sites representing oligotrophic peatlands along a European transect. Five study plots were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (560 ppm), and five plots to NH4NO3 (3 or 5 g N yr(-1)). The CH4 emissions from the control plots correlated in most cases with the soil temperatures. The depth of the water table, the pH, and the DOC, N and SO4 concentrations w
DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) were determined by flow cytometry on paraffin-embedded tumor material from 243 patients treated during 1980-1985. Patients with well differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors without solid areas (n = 351) formed a low-risk group (corrected 5-year survival 90%). Twenty-four patients, dead of disease within 5 years, were compared with 52 survivors. The
Human cystatin C, a protein with amyloidogenic properties and a potent inhibitor of papain-like mammalian proteases, has been produced in its full-length form by recombinant techniques and crystallized in two polymorphic forms: cubic and tetragonal. A selenomethionyl derivative of the protein, obtained by Escherichia coli expression and with complete Met→Se-Met substitution confirmed by mass spect
Tumor cells secreting IL-1 beta are invasive and metastatic, more than the parental line or control mock-transfected cells, and concomitantly induce in mice general immune suppression of T cell responses. Suppression strongly correlates with accumulation in the peripheral blood and spleen of CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+) immature myeloid cells and hematological alterations, such as splenomegaly, leukocytosis,
Chipped tobacco stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 205 degreesC for either 5 or 10 min before enzymatic hydrolysis. Glucose (15.4 - 17.1 g/l) and xylose (4.5-5.0 g/l) were the most abundant monosaccharides in the hydrolysates. Mannose, galactose and arabinose were also detected. The hydrolysate produced by pretreatment for 10 min contained higher levels of all sugars than the 5 min-pre
The processes of multiplication of electronic excitations (MEE), connected with the creation of secondary excitons or electron-hole (e-h) pairs by hot conduction electrons, are realized in wide-gap metal halides and oxides. In oxides, secondary e-h pairs can be also formed by 27-40 eV photons due to L 1 VV Auger transitions (with the participation of 2s oxygen holes). The excitation spectra of lum
BACKGROUND: Degranulation of eosinophils in target tissues is considered a key pathogenic event in major chronic eosinophilic diseases. However, because of a lack of appropriate methods, little is known about degranulation of eosinophils in common eosinophilic diseases. METHODS: Using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, a novel approach has been devised and validated to quantify eosi
Over the past few decades, significant social and economic transformations had a relevant correspondence in processes of territorial complexification, urban fragmentation and spatial injustice. Literature and research shows that these processes have also a very important temporal dimension, associated to a transition from an industrial society of synchronized rhythms to more heterogeneous everyday
