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This paper uses a choice experiment to study citizens' preferences for effort-sharing rules for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. For a given global cost and level of emission reduction, we study the willingness to pay for various rules that imply different distributions of the cost between EU, the US. China and Africa. The focus of this paper is on the use of two different treatments, one where

Treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a well-documented cholesterol-lowering effect. Increased uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by HepG2 cells in response to incubation with ACTH has been demonstrated but the precise cholesterol-lowering mechanism has resisted elucidation. Since apolipoproteins are important determinants of lipoprotein metabolism, we sought to extend the kn

An autoregressive process with Markov regime is an autoregressive process for which the regression function at each time point is given by a nonobservable Markov chain. In this paper we consider the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator in a possibly nonstationary process of this kind for which the hidden state space is compact but not necessarily finite. Consistency and asympt

Radiative lifetimes of 15 Tl I levels belonging to the 6s(2)ns(2)S(1/2) (n = 7-14) and 6s(2)nd(2)D(3/2) Rydberg series (n = 6-12) have been measured using a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. All the measured levels have been excited from the ground state 6s(2)6p(2)P(1/2)(0) (odd parity) with a single-step excitation process. The general perturbation of the ns series by the 6s6p(2

Stimulation of endogenous kinin receptors promotes growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells via activation of the mitogenic extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. In the present study, we show that kinin-mediated mitogenic signalling and prostate-cell growth involves two subtypes of bradykinin (BK) receptors, B1R and B2R. Specific stimulation of either B1R or B2R by t

We construct hadronic potentials that describe the spectrum and decays of electromagnetic bound states of hadrons, and are consistent with Chiral Perturbation Theory. This procedure enables one to clarify the status of the calculations-based on potential models-of the electromagnetic corrections to the observables of hadronic atoms and to the strong scattering amplitudes at low energy.

Alteration of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signalling pathway is important in pancreatic carcinogenesis, as shown by the frequent inactivation of the downstream target SMAD4. We recently analysed a series of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with respect to alterations of five SMAD genes involved in TGFB signalling, and showed that SMAD4 was structurally rearranged in 42% of these. Thi

In 1990, a joint Nordic-Russian project was initiated in order to make independent estimations of the effective dose to selected groups of inhabitants in a highly contaminated area around the city of Novozybkov In the western Bryansk region of Russia. The inhabitants were living in six villages with initial contamination levels of Cs-137 between 0.9 and 2.7 MBq m(-2). Some villages had been decont

Aim: To investigate whether there is any pharmacokinetic rationale for the common practice of administering vincristine to adolescents at relatively lower doses than those to younger children. Methods: A total of 98 children, aged 1.3-17.3 y, with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were studied on day I of induction therapy. Plasma samples were drawn before and 10, 30, 360 and 1380 min after inje

Sediment successions in coastal cliffs around Mezen Bay, southeastern White Sea, record an unusually detailed history of former glaciations, interstadial marine and fluvial events from the Weichselian. A regional glaciation model for the Weichselian is based on new data from the Mezen Bay area and previously published data from adjacent areas. Following the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial a shelf

The construction and performance of the parallel plate avalanche counters (PPACs) using a spontaneous fission source Cf-252 is described in this paper. The parallel plate circular electrodes are made of aluminum foils having a thickness less than ten microns. After fabrication, the detectors and the source are mounted inside a reaction chamber, the source between the two detectors. A low pressure

Ionization injection is a simple and efficient method to trap an electron beam in a laser plasma accelerator. Yet, because of a long injection length, this injection technique leads generally to the production of large energy spread electron beams. Here, we propose to use a shock front transition to localize the injection. Experimental results show that the energy spread can be reduced down to 10

Dekkera bruxellensis is a non-conventional Crabtree-positive yeast with a good ethanol production capability. Compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its tolerance to acidic pH and its utilization of alternative carbon sources make it a promising organism for producing biofuel. In this study, we developed an auxotrophic transformation system and an expression vector, which enabled the manipulation o

Serum samples were collected from healthy blood donors in 5 regions in Sweden in 1999, i.e. from the local Blood Centres (collecting facilities) in Boden, Jonkoping, Lund, Skovde, and Uppsala. In total, 498 serum samples (63% males, 37% females) were received and tested by immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against B. elizabethae, B. grahamii, B. henselae (Houston-1), B. henselae (Marseille),

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether bone quality, as assessed by osteometry and histologic parameters, can be used to predict implant integration in conjunction with maxillary sinus reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve patients with severely atrophied maxillary alveolar processes were treated through use of a two-stage surgical reconstructive strategy with implant placement 4

The aim of the mini review is to more precisely determine the relationship between exocrine pancreas function and the growth of young pigs. In order to do so, it is necessary to clarify the components, pathways and messengers involved in the CCK-dependent neuro-hormonal regulation of the exocrine pancreas in the growing pigs. These mechanisms are largely unknown, and the role of CCK has been quest

The Chilean fruit leaf roller Proeulia auraria is a pest of economically important fruit species. Two compounds attractive to males have been identified as (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH) and are currently being used in Chile to monitor this species. Preliminary experiments carried out by our group suggested that the 2-compound mixture might not be opti