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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflect brain pathophysiology and are used extensively in translational research as well as in clinical practice for diagnosis of neurological diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, CSF biomarker concentrations may be influenced by non-disease related inter-individual variability. Here we use a data-driven approach to demonstrate the existence of in
• We aimed to capture possible insights from an AI diagnosing without human guidance.• We believe the result mainly aligns with previous knowledge. Though, vital signs and sex did not aid the AI diagnostics.
Why should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been driven by what AI can or cannot do in terms of human capacities. In this paper, we tackle the problem from the other end by exploring what kind of moral machines areWhy should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been driven by what AI can or cannot do in terms of human capacities. In this paper, we tackle the problem from the other end by exploring what kind of moral machines are
Background: Assessments of arm motor function are usually based on clinical examinations or self-reported rating scales. Wrist-worn accelerometers can be a good complement to measure movement patterns after stroke. Currently there is limited knowledge of how accelerometry correlate to clinically used scales. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between intermittent
Background: Early detection of treatment response is important for the management of patients with malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma to assure good quality of life in relation to therapeutic efficacy. Aim: To investigate whether parametric response mapping (PRM) with diffusion MRI may provide prognostic information at an early stage of standard therapy for glioblastoma. Materials and met
Cell death plays a pivotal role in many physiological processes, such as cell homeostasis, embryonic development, immune defence and in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, such as cancer, infections and degenerative diseases. However, the lack of a comprehensive and up-to-date resource on cell death regulators poses a significant challenge to researchers in the field. Existing databases are of
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quantile-parameterized distributions (QPDs) as a tool for capturing expert predictions and parametric judgments. We survey a range of methods for constructing distributions that are parameterized by a set of quantile-probability pairs and describe an approach to generalizing them to enhance their tail flexibility. Furthermore, we explore the extensio
The distribution of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity, including hemispheric asymmetry. However, the factors driving this asymmetry remain poorly understood. Here we explore whether tau asymmetry is linked to i) reduced inter-hemispheric brain connectivity (potentially restricting tau spread), or ii) asymmetry in amyloid-beta (Aβ) distributio
European forests have served as a critical carbon sink, absorbing approximately 10% of annual anthropogenic CO₂ emissions in the EU, as a result of both increased forest area and growing stock since 1950. However, this sink has declined by one-third over the past decade, based on the EU National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. This decline has been proposed to be due to multiple interacting factors: cli
The reassignment technique is used to increase localization for signal components in the time-frequency representation. The technique gives perfect localization for linear chirp signals and constant frequency signals. Despite the recent interest in using the reassignment technique to determine phase-shifts, no general expression of cross-spectrogram reassignment vectors exists. This submission aim
Existing LLM-based approaches remain limited by simplistic task execution, restricted tool integration, and a lack of contextual reasoning when interacting with professional GIS software. This study investigates the efficacy of a multi-agent architecture designed to enhance geospatial task execution accuracy through collaboration, reasoning and tool-use. The architecture integrates Chain of Though
BACKGROUND: The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination among older persons at nursing homes has lowered the infection-associated mortality considerably, but emerging virus variants and decline in vaccine-induced immunity over time necessitate examination of future booster dosing strategies. The overall aim of this study was to assess vaccine protection against COVID-19 mortality in relation to tim
Background: The integration of clinical decision support tools in medical practice is challenging and must be carefully undertaken, especially in cancer management. Noninvasive Lymph Node Status (NILS) is a web-based tool designed to estimate the probability of benign axillary lymph nodes in female patients with breast cancer scheduled for primary surgery. The aim was to identify barriers to NILS
Endotherms exhibit metabolic allometric slopes of 0.75, which were long viewed as evolutionary constraints but which are increasingly questioned. In insects, allometric relationships between body size and metabolism are understudied. We used comparative phylogenetic methods to investigate macroevolution of metabolic allometry in Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), an insect group with a unique
Brazed stainless steel joints are critical in heat exchanger applications but often suffer from residual stresses and brittle intermetallics. Using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence at the DanMAX beamline, we investigated Fe-based filler joints in SS316 under tensile loading. Elemental mapping and phase analysis revealed distinct interfacial solidification zones (ISZ), atherma
Abstract Study regionThree mid-high latitude catchments include the Krycklan (Boreal Sweden), the Danube (Central Europe) and the Mississippi (USA).Study focusWe develop a hybrid eco-hydrological framework that couples the process-based terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) with five machine-learning (ML) algorithms through two hybrid model structure
BACKGROUND: Previous studies, including ours (Wuestefeld et al., Brain, 2023), showed tau positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in medial temporal and neocortical regions of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, associated with neurodegeneration and worse memory performance. To further understand if tau-PET uptake is clinically relevant in this population, we char
In Sweden a new legislation on bribery was introduced in 2012. The purpose of the regulation was to create a more efficient, more accessible and more modern legislation with clearer criteria for criminal liability. In this essay I will examine the legislation regarding the new offense of negligent financing of bribery, chapter 10, 5th e § Penal Code. Through this new legislation, it is possible to
