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In his comment (Kowalski 2023) on our recent publication (Heiskanen et al. 2022) where we present the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) research infrastructure, Andrew Kowalski introduces three important and, in our opinion, different potential issues in the definition, collection, and availability of field measurements made by the ICOS network, and he proposes possible solutions to thes
The seasonal migrations of insects involve a substantial displacement of biomass with significant ecological and economic consequences for regions of departure and arrival. Remote sensors have played a pivotal role in revealing the magnitude and general direction of bioflows above 150 m. Nevertheless, the take-off and descent activity of insects below this height is poorly understood. Our lidar ob
The determinants of fire-driven changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) across broad environmental gradients remains unclear, especially in global drylands. Here we combined datasets and field sampling of fire-manipulation experiments to evaluate where and why fire changes SOC and compared our statistical model to simulations from ecosystem models. Drier ecosystems experienced larger relative changes
The unique Swecrit Biobank and its associated clinical registries for sepsis, ARDS, cardiac arrest, trauma, and COVID-19 include more than 150,000 blood samples and descriptions of critically ill patients. These assets provide a unique opportunity to research and improve the care of the most seriously ill patients through biomarker analyses, proteomic studies, and genetic and epigenetic studies us
The linear inverse problem associated with the standard model for hyperspectral image recovery from CASSI measurements is considered. This is formulated as the minimization of an objective function which is the sum of a total variation regularizer and a least squares loss function. Standard first-order iterative minimization algorithms, such as ISTA, FISTA and TwIST, require as input the value of
We present a versatile NeRF-based simulator for testing autonomous driving (AD) software systems, designed with a focus on sensor-realistic closed-loop evaluation and the creation of safety-critical scenarios. The simulator learns from sequences of real-world driving sensor data and enables reconfigurations and renderings of new, unseen scenarios. In this work, we use our simulator to test the res
This study examines how one may detect Parkinson’s disease (PD) by analyzing voice recordings made with a mobile phone. The key objectives include creating a model that ensures fair and unbiased predictions while maintaining interpretability that is consistent with the existing literature on PD. We introduce a novel group-wise scaling method to address typical age and biological sex biases in the
Meeting the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals requires limiting future carbon emissions, yet current policies make temporarily overshooting the 1.5°C target likely. The potential climate feedback from destabilizing peatlands, storing large amounts of carbon, remains poorly quantified. Using the reduced-complexity Earth System Model OSCAR with an integrated peat carbon module, we found that acros
Background: The mitral valve is essential for proper heart function. Patient-specific simulations may provide insights into valve function and provide hemodynamic information for treatment planning. This study presents a framework for patient-specific mitral valve hemodynamic prediction and the validation of the simulation model against echocardiographic and MRI data. Methods: Ten healthy voluntee
In this study, we use a data assimilation framework based on the adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to constrain process parameters in LPJ-GUESS model using CH4 eddy-covariance flux observations from 14 different natural boreal, temperate, and arctic wetlands. The objective is to derive a single set of calibrated parameter values. The calibrated parameter values are then used in th
The incidence of melanoma is rising and will require more efficient diagnostic procedures to meet a growing demand. Excisional biopsy and histopathology is still the standard, which often requires multiple surgical incisions with increasing margins due inaccurate visual assessment of where the melanoma borders to healthy tissue. This challenge stems, in part, from the inability to reliably delinea
BACKGROUND: In May 2023, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 no longer a public health emergency. Despite successful vaccination campaigns, vaccines provide limited protection against transmission. Since general testing has been abandoned in most countries, alternative population surveillance methods to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure are needed.METHODS: N-antigen is a protein of the SARS-C
Timely detection and surveillance of disease community spread is a potent tool for implementing effective public health interventions. This study investigates the National Telehealth Service (1177 helpline) across 18 regions in Sweden in 2020 to identify early signals of community transmission of COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic. Focusing on calls related to key COVID-19 symptoms (cough,
China plans expanding 49.5 million hectares of new forests by 2050 to strengthen carbon sequestration. However, estimates of the carbon benefits from this expansion rarely consider the effect of 'forest edge', where tree mortality increases under intensified stress from wind, drought, pests, and fire. Here we show that proximity to forest edges substantially reduces biomass carbon storage, and dev
Wood density is a crucial anatomical trait influencing forest carbon storage. However, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) typically assume a fixed species-level wood density, neglecting environment-driven variability. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the potential impact of dynamic wood density on tree- and forest-level carbon storage by integrating a simple temperature-response fu
White noise has been proposed to enhance cognitive performance in children with ADHD, but findings are inconsistent, and benefits vary across tasks and individuals. Such variability suggests that diagnostic comparisons may overlook meaningful developmental differences. This exploratory study examined whether developmental characteristics and subjective evaluations of auditory and visual white nois
Atmospheric inversions are widely used to evaluate and improve inventories of methane (CH4) emissions across scales from global to local, combining observations with atmospheric transport models. This study uses the dense network of in situ stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) to explore how well in situ data can constrain European CH4 emissions. Following the concept of int
Animals align their body in relation to different environmental cues, including spontaneous directional responses relative to the geomagnetic field known as magnetic body alignment. The biological significance of this behavior, however, remains undetermined for most taxa. In previous studies, migratory songbirds aligned their body with the cardinal directions of the geomagnetic field and their mig
Premise: Flower color, a key trait influencing plant–pollinator interactions, may be influenced by abiotic factors such as soil. We investigated association between pollinators, soil characteristics, and flower color variations in Digitalis purpurea across native populations in Sweden and introduced populations in Bolivia. Methods: We measured floral traits, reflectance of petals and nectar-guide
