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Accurate maps of past land cover and human land use are necessary for studying the impact of anthropogenic land-cover changes, such as deforestation, on the climate. The maps of past land cover should ideally be separated into naturally occurring vegetation and human-induced changes, thereby enabling the quantification of the effect of human land use on the past climate. A Bayesian hierarchical mo
The distinguishing feature of frequency diverse array (FDA) systems as compared to conventional phased-array and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems is the use of a small frequency offset (FO) across the array elements. Much of the development to date has focused on the FDA-MIMO structure, using an FO that is larger than the bandwidth of the baseband signal, thereby reducing the re
This paper examines the short-range propagation characteristics of sound wave propagation in an ice covered lake experiment. The studied measurements were made in February 2024 in the shallow Song-Hua lake in northern China. The experiment illustrates how the wave propagation notably varies as a function of depth and due to changes in the water temperature, but also how the ice cover influences th
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can increase cancer detection in mammography screening while reducing screen-reading workload, but further understanding of the clinical impact is needed. Methods: In this randomised, controlled, parallel-group, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening-accuracy study, done within the Swedish national screening programme, wo
Human pose forecasting is the task of predicting articulated human motion given past human motion. There exists a number of popular benchmarks that evaluate an array of different models performing human pose forecasting. These benchmarks do not reflect that a human interacting system, such as a delivery robot, observes and plans for the motion of the same individual over an extended period of time
Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient for plant growth, often limiting plant production in areas where plant demand is higher than soil supply. In contrast to nitrogen (N), P cannot be sourced from the atmosphere; therefore, where it is rare, it becomes a strong constraint on primary production. Due to this, most dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are incorporating a prognostic P cycle
In this paper, we investigate the effects of different augmentation strategies in self-supervised representation learning from electrocardiograms. Our study examines the impact of random resized crop and time out on downstream performance. We also consider the importance of the signal length. Furthermore, instead of using two augmented copies of the sample as a positive pair, we suggest augmenting
In this work, we introduce a novel approach for designing the transmit frequency offset scheme based on Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) minimization for a frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar. The problem originates in non-uniform FDA radar where each frequency offset scheme derives from a specific mathematical model, but where no optimization is conducted with res
The polar format algorithm (PFA) is a popular choice for general bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) imaging due to its computational efficiency and adaptability to situations with complicated geometries or arbitrary flight trajectories. However, efficient and accurate compensation of 2-D residual phase errors induced by the wavefront curvature remains challenging when obtaining high-quality
Background: A new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation without the race variable has been recently proposed (CKD-EPIAS). This equation has neither been validated outside USA nor compared with the new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) and Lund-Malmö Revised (LMREV) equations, developed in European cohorts. Methods: Standardized creatinine and measured glomerular filtr
This paper addresses the weak signal detection problem in a massive colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. To cope with the sheer amount of data produced by the large-scale antennas, a low-bit quantizer is introduced in the sampling process to enable both for hardware limitations and a high detection performance. The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector is proposed for
This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 58 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 132 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is part of the Globalviewplus v8.0 data product, released in 2022 and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evalua
The identification of nonlinear chirp signals has attracted notable attention in the recent literature, including estimators such as the variational mode decomposition and the nonlinear chirp mode estimator. However, most presented methods fail to process signals with close frequency intervals or depend on user-determined parameters that are often non-trivial to select optimally. In this work, we
If you really want to know how much Australia contributes to the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere, you have to study all the “sources” and “sinks”.Sources release CO₂ into the atmosphere, while sinks take it out. There are sources from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, and there are natural sinks such as plants absorbing CO₂. You can tally it all up on a balance sheet
The pre-tetramerization loop (PTL) of the human tumor suppressor protein p53 is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) necessary for the tetramerization process, and its flexibility contributes to the essential conformational changes needed. Although the IDR can be accurately simulated in the traditional manner of molecular dynamics (MD) with the end-to-end distance (EEdist) unhindered, we sough
Current literature show that frequency diverse arrays (FDAs) are able of producing range–angle-dependent and time-variant transmit beampatterns, but the resulting time and range dependencies and their characteristics are still not well understood. This paper examines the FDA transmission model with an emphasis on analyzing the beam auto-scanning characteristics and the equivalence with the MIMO be
In this paper, we considered the real-time modeling of an underwater channel impulse response (CIR), exploiting the inherent structure and sparsity of such channels. Building on the recent development in the modeling of acoustic channels using a Kronecker structure, we approximated the CIR using a structured and sparse model, allowing for a computationally efficient sparse block-updating algorithm
Pollen-based quantitative vegetation reconstructions using multiple sedimentary basins from the same area, along with their quantified relevant pollen source areas, are a powerful means to study how long-term human impact has affected vegetation and shaped the currently protected heritage landscapes at different spatial scales. Our study presents the outcome of a palynological investigation in Kar
Natural aerosol feedbacks are expected to become more important in the future, as anthropogenic aerosol emissions decrease due to air quality policy. One such feedback is initiated by the increase in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions with higher temperatures, leading to higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production and a cooling of the surface via impacts on cloud radiative p
Acoustic impulse responses (IRs) are widely used to model sound propagation between two points in space. Being a point-to-point description, IRs are generally estimated based on input-output pairs for source and sensor positions of interest. Alternatively, the IR at an arbitrary location in space may be constructed based on interpolation techniques, thus alleviating the need of densely sampling th
