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Machine learning is increasingly used as a computing paradigm in cartographic research. In this extended editorial, we provide some background of the papers in the CaGIS special issue Machine Learning in Cartography with a special focus on pattern recognition in maps, cartographic generalization, style transfer, and map labeling. In addition, the paper includes a discussion about map encodings for
Photoredox properties of several earth-abundant light-harvesting transition metal complexes in combination with cobalt-based proton reduction catalysts have been investigated computationally to assess the fundamental viability of different photocatalytic systems of current experimental interest. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations using several GGA (BP86, B
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the contrast mechanisms of Contrast-enhanced steady-state free-precession (CE-SSFP) through the utilization of Bloch simulations in an experimental porcine model and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Six pigs and ten patients with myocardial infarction underwent CMR and tissue characterization at 1.5 T whereas a Bloch simulatio
Heritable variation is a prerequisite for evolutionary change, but the relevance of genetic constraints on macroevolutionary timescales is debated. By using two datasets on fossil and contemporary taxa, we show that evolutionary divergence among populations, and to a lesser extent among species, increases with microevolutionary evolvability. We evaluate and reject several hypotheses to explain thi
Conservation and consistency are fundamental properties of discretizations of conservation laws, necessary to ensure physically meaningful solutions. In the context of systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws, conservation and consistency additionally play an important role in convergence theory via the Lax-Wendroff theorem. Here, these concepts are extended to the realm of iterative meth
1. Co-flowering plant species often interact through shared pollinators, with effects ranging from positive (facilitation) to negative (competition). It remains unclear how this variation relates to variation in floral density, floral trait distinctiveness, and local environmental conditions. We studied the effect of grazer exclusion, a proposed local management strategy, on pollinator-mediated pl
Toxic small alarmone synthetase (toxSAS) enzymes constitute a family of bacterial effectors present in toxin-antitoxin and secretion systems. toxSASs act through either translation inhibition mediated by pyrophosphorylation of transfer RNA (tRNA) CCA ends or synthesis of the toxic alarmone adenosine pentaphosphate ((pp)pApp) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, exemplified by FaRel2 and FaR
Background: The prevalence of different periampullary cancers (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, ampullary cancer and duodenal cancer) is heterogeneous in the literature. During the 2010s, a standardized histopathological protocol for pancreatoduodenectomy specimens based on axial slicing was adopted in Sweden. The present study sought to provide information about periam
The outcome for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has drastically improved with new treatments directed toward the tumor immune microenvironment, where macrophages play an important role. In MCL, the presence of M2 macrophages defined by CD163 expression in diagnostic biopsies has been associated with a worse prognosis. An alternative way to assess the abundance of M2 macrophages is by meas
Background: A new cystatin C based European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFCCysC) equation was recently developed for adults, using the same mathematical form as the previously published full age spectrum creatinine based EKFC-equation (EKFCCrea). In the present study the cystatin C based EKFC-equation is extended to children, by defining the appropriate cystatin C rescaling factor QCysC. Methods:
Understanding the trade-off between energy expenditure of carrying large fuel loads and the risk of fuel depletion is imperative to understand the evolution of flight strategies during long-distance animal migration. Global flyways regularly involve sea crossings that may impose flight prolongations on migrating land-birds and thereby reduce their energy reserves and survival prospects. We studied
Serial and time-resolved macromolecular crystallography are on the rise. However, beam time at X-ray free-electron lasers is limited and most thirdgeneration synchrotron-based macromolecular crystallography beamlines do not offer the necessary infrastructure yet. Here, a new setup is demonstrated, based on the JUNGFRAU detector and Jungfraujoch data-acquisition system, that enables collection of k
IMPORTANCE AND AIMS: Diabetic microvascular complications significantly impact morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on machine learning/artificial intelligence (ML/AI) in predicting diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic neuropathy (DN).METHODS: A comprehensive PubMed search from 1990 to 2023 identified studies on ML/AI models for diabetic microvascular comp
Excited state evolution of the rhodium(iii) complex [Rh(iii)(phen)2(NH3)2]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been investigated theoretically to gain a better understanding of light-driven activation of high-energy metal centered states. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations show the significance of asymmetric motion on a multidimensional potential energy landscape around the metal cente
Brain cell structure and function reflect neurodevelopment, plasticity, and aging; and changes can help flag pathological processes such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Accurate and quantitative methods to noninvasively disentangle cellular structural features are needed and are a substantial focus of brain research. Diffusion-weighted MRS (dMRS) gives access to diffusion properties of
Quantum annealing has shown promise for finding solutions to difficult optimization problems, including protein folding. Recently, we used the D-Wave Advantage quantum annealer to explore the folding problem in a coarse-grained lattice model, the HP model, in which amino acids are classified into two broad groups: hydrophobic (H) and polar (P). Using a set of 22 HP sequences with up to 64 amino ac
