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How does coalition participation influence party membership? We argue that parties that take part in coalition governments are likely to experience less favorable party membership developments than parties governing alone because of the compromises they have to agree on in multi-party cabinets. This should be particularly likely for parties in ideologically diverse coalition governments since part
Many animals, such as birds and bats, are capable of migrating over vast distances to specific destinations. Remarkably, even insects such as the North American Monarch butterfly and the Australian Bogong moth undertake similarly long-distance migrations to specific sites. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the migration of these insects and outline the sensory cues and n
We report on the shift of energies released during Auger cascades in rare-gas ions, when the ions are not isolated but embedded in a homogeneous cluster. By combining high-resolution electron spectroscopy with multielectron coincidence spectroscopy of small Ar and Xe clusters, we investigate the dependence of Auger electron emission energies on the charge state of the emitting ion in the polarizab
Unlike the sun, the moon is a notoriously fickle visual cue for navigation. However, a nocturnal ant has now been found to use the moon for navigation during night-long foraging trips, compensating for its movement across the sky to maintain navigational accuracy.
The Economic Dispatch Problem (EDP) plays a critical role in power system operations by trying to allocate power generation across multiple units at minimal cost while satisfying complex operational constraints. Traditional optimization techniques struggle with the non-convexities introduced by factors such as valve-point effects, prohibited operating zones, and spinning reserve requirements. Whil
The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT is a prominent topicin higher education, prompting debate over their educational impact. Studies onthe effect of LLMs on learning in higher education often rely on self-reported data,leaving an opening for complimentary methodologies. This study contributes byanalysing actual course grades as well as ratings by fellow students to investigateh
The radioactive noble gas radon (222Rn) is a suitable tracer for atmospheric transport and mixing processes that can be used to evaluate and calibrate atmospheric transport models or to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the so-called radon tracer method (RTM). However, these applications require reliable estimates of the 222Rn fluxes from the soil. This study evaluates two process-base
Atmospheric measurements of the short-lived radioactive noble gas radon-222 (222Rn) have many applications. Its concentrations are driven by atmospheric mixing as well as seasonal variations, which follow the seasonality of 222Rn exhalation from continental soils, with lower values during the wet winter and spring months compared to more dry summer conditions. Hence, it can be used as a tracer to
Here, we use carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and radon (222Rn) data from the Saclay ICOS tall tower in France to estimate CO2, CH4 and CO fluxes within the station footprint from January 2017 to October 2024 and N2O fluxes from February 2019 to October 2024 using the Radon Tracer Method (RTM). We first performed a sensitivity study of this method appl
For the development of a joint European capacity for monitoring CO2 emissions, we created the framework “CO2 Monitoring Challenges City Mapbooks v1.0” (CMC-CITYMAP). It includes a Jupyter notebook tool (Storm et al., 2025a, https://doi.org/10.18160/P8SV-B99F) which we use to characterise and cluster cities based on aspects relevant for different CO2 monitoring challenges. These include:a. determin
This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch (ED) optimization in power systems through the application of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), an advanced reinforcement learning algorithm. The economic dispatch problem, a fundamental challenge in power system operations, involves optimizing the generation output of multiple units to minimize operational costs while satisfying load dem
Adaptive network dynamical systems describe the co-evolution of dynamical quantities on the nodes and the dynamics of the network connections themselves. For dense networks of many nodes, the resulting dynamics are typically high-dimensional. Here, we consider adaptive dynamical systems subject to constraints on network adaptation: Asymptotically, the adaptive dynamics of network connections evolv
The Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, display an astonishing diversity of spatial orientation strategies essential for survival, reproduction, and ecological success. These spatial orientation strategies range from basic taxes to light, wind, gravity, and chemical cues, to more advanced strategies such as straight-line dispersal, multigenerational migration across continents, and complex trap-li
Context. Terrestrial exoplanets orbiting nearby small cool stars, known as M dwarfs, are well suited for an atmospheric characterisation. Because the intense X-ray and UV (XUV) irradiation from M dwarf host stars is strong, orbiting exoplanets are thought to be unable to retain primordial hydrogen- or helium-dominated atmospheres. However, it is currently unknown whether heavier secondary atmosphe
The purpose of cancer screening is to reduce mortality, and ideally incidence, from the cancer screened for. Until recently, cancer screening has been offered to all persons in pre-defined sex- and age-groups. The exception is lung screening which is targeted to high-risk individuals. Evidence for effect of screening on cancer-specific mortality is available for cancer of the cervix, breast, color
pyPFC is a comprehensive open-source Python package for setting up, running and analyzing 3D phase field crystal (PFC) simulations. The object-oriented code is designed to take full advantage of GPU acceleration, but can also be ran on purely CPU-based systems. The overarching ambition with the pyPFC package is to provide an easily accessible and computationally efficient PFC simulation framework,
Objective: To evaluate the impact of pregestational diabetes on duration of active labour (DAL) in induced and spontaneous labour and to compare caesarean section (CS) rates and indications between women with and without diabetes. Design: A population-based cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Population: 243 537 nulliparous women, registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, who delivered a singleton
In an internet age when a viral sensationalist story gains far more traction than a nuanced and balanced discussion, we have become used to some politicians, media and web-based influencers bending the truth to create a misguided or distorted narrative that many people unquestioningly believe. This should never happen in science, but even here standards are sadly deteriorating. In my editorial I w
Context. The present-day spatial and kinematic distribution of stars in the Milky Way provides key constraints on its internal dynamics and evolutionary history. However, identifying the correct tracers that highlight the mechanisms is far from straightforward. The best probes are stars that stand out in terms of kinematics, chemistry, or age compared to the underlying population to which they bel
TiSe2 has long been considered one of the best candidate materials to host the elusive excitonic insulator (EI) phase. However, a finite coupling to the lattice can generically be expected, while a lack of "smoking-gun"signatures for the importance of the electron-hole interaction in driving the phase transition has rendered it challenging to distinguish the EI from the conventional charge-density
