Filtyp
Inverse homogenization in combination with contact modeling, topology optimization and shape optimization is used to design metamaterials with optimized macroscopic response. The homogenization assumes length scale separation which allows the non-linear macroscopic behavior to be obtained by analyzing a single unit cell in a lattice structure. Self contact in the unit cell, which is modeled using
Background: Participants in epidemiological cohorts may not be representative of the full invited population, limiting the generalizability of prevalence and incidence estimates. We propose that this problem can be remedied by exploiting data on baseline participants who refused to participate in a re-examination, as such participants may be more similar to baseline non-participants than what base
Antiferromagnetic (AF) materials offer a route to realising high-speed, high-density data storage devices that are robust against magnetic fields due to their intrinsic dynamics in the THz-regime and the lack magnetic stray fields. The key to functionality and efficiency is the control of AF domains and domain walls. Although AF domain structures are known to be sensitive to magnetoelastic effects
Simultaneous shape and topology optimization is used to design pressure-activated inflatable soft robots. The pressure loaded boundary is meshed conformingly and shape optimized, while the morphology of the robot is topology optimized. The design objective is to exert maximum force on an object, i.e. to produce soft “grippers”. The robot's motion is modeled using nearly incompressible finite defor
The automation of map labeling is an ongoing research challenge. Currently, the map labeling algorithms are based on rules defined by experts for optimizing the placement of the text labels on maps. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using well-labeled map samples as a source of knowledge for automating the labeling process. The basic idea is to train deep learning models, specifical
Piezoelectric actuators embedded in compliant structures have many potential applications, which call for effective design approaches. Existing optimization driven design methods focus on the piezoelectric actuator location or the macro topology of the host compliant structure while ignoring the possibility to exploit the use of multiple materials and hierarchical material design. In this study, a
This study explored how non-signers exploit their gestural repertoire during a process of handshape conventionalisation. We examined how communicative context, interaction and time affect the transition from iconically-motivated representations to linguistically-organised, generalised forms. 100 non-signers undertook a silent gesture-elicitation task, describing pictures in one of four conditions:
Astronomers, such as Nic and Rebecca, are not the only ones orienting themselves using the stars. Animals, big and small, also navigate by starlight. In this last episode of the third season we invited Prof. Marie Dacke from the Department of Biology over to tell us about her research on the subject.In this third season we are also including some Cosmic Curiosities. These are some ideas, events o
We study the electronic structure of bulk 1T-TaSe_{2} in the charge-density wave phase at low temperature. Our spatially and angle-resolved photoemission data show insulating areas coexisting with metallic regions characterized by a chiral Fermi surface and moderately correlated quasiparticle bands. Additionally, high-resolution laser angle-resolved photoemission reveals variations in the metallic
The impact of climate on the annual cycle and interannual variability of CO2 fluxes is assessed in European evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs) and deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) using observations from 19 sites, alongside outputs from process-based and data-driven models. All models capture the temporal phasing of CO2 fluxes, including a shorter sequestration period in northern rather than so
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is invariably fatal but there are large variations in the rate of progression. The lack of predictability can make it difficult to plan clinical interventions. This includes the requirement for gastrostomy where early or late placement can adversely impact quality of life and survival. Methods: We designed a model to predict the timing of gastrostomy
The Economic Dispatch Problem (EDP) plays a critical role in power system operations by trying to allocate power generation across multiple units at minimal cost while satisfying complex operational constraints. Traditional optimization techniques struggle with the non-convexities introduced by factors such as valve-point effects, prohibited operating zones, and spinning reserve requirements. Whil
The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT is a prominent topicin higher education, prompting debate over their educational impact. Studies onthe effect of LLMs on learning in higher education often rely on self-reported data,leaving an opening for complimentary methodologies. This study contributes byanalysing actual course grades as well as ratings by fellow students to investigateh
The radioactive noble gas radon (222Rn) is a suitable tracer for atmospheric transport and mixing processes that can be used to evaluate and calibrate atmospheric transport models or to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the so-called radon tracer method (RTM). However, these applications require reliable estimates of the 222Rn fluxes from the soil. This study evaluates two process-base
Atmospheric measurements of the short-lived radioactive noble gas radon-222 (222Rn) have many applications. Its concentrations are driven by atmospheric mixing as well as seasonal variations, which follow the seasonality of 222Rn exhalation from continental soils, with lower values during the wet winter and spring months compared to more dry summer conditions. Hence, it can be used as a tracer to
Here, we use carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and radon (222Rn) data from the Saclay ICOS tall tower in France to estimate CO2, CH4 and CO fluxes within the station footprint from January 2017 to October 2024 and N2O fluxes from February 2019 to October 2024 using the Radon Tracer Method (RTM). We first performed a sensitivity study of this method appl
For the development of a joint European capacity for monitoring CO2 emissions, we created the framework “CO2 Monitoring Challenges City Mapbooks v1.0” (CMC-CITYMAP). It includes a Jupyter notebook tool (Storm et al., 2025a, https://doi.org/10.18160/P8SV-B99F) which we use to characterise and cluster cities based on aspects relevant for different CO2 monitoring challenges. These include:a. determin
This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch (ED) optimization in power systems through the application of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), an advanced reinforcement learning algorithm. The economic dispatch problem, a fundamental challenge in power system operations, involves optimizing the generation output of multiple units to minimize operational costs while satisfying load dem
Identification of prostate gold fiducial markers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is challenging when CT images are not available, due to misclassifications from intra-prostatic calcifications. It is also a time consuming task and automated identification methods have been suggested as an improvement for both objectives. Multi-echo gradient echo (MEGRE) images have been utilized for manu
